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Rice Growth Performance, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Changes in Soil Properties Influenced by Biochar under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation

Author

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  • Ahmad Numery Ashfaqul Haque

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
    Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh)

  • Md. Kamal Uddin

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Adibah Mohd Amin

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Mahmud Hossain

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh)

  • Zakaria M. Solaiman

    (The UWA Institute of Agriculture, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia)

  • Mehnaz Mosharrof

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

Abstract

Water-saving irrigation occasionally causes an inconsequential yield loss in rice; thereby, biochar incorporation in this context has great scope due to its properties, including the release of nutrients and improving soil physicochemical properties. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar combined with fertilizer on physiological response, water and nutrient efficiency of rice and changes in biochemical properties of soil under AWD (alternate wetting and drying) irrigation system. Two types of irrigation practice, such as AWD and CF (continuous flooding), and four types of fertilizer combination, namely T1: 25% Rice husk biochar (RHB) + 75% of recommended fertilizer dose (RFD); T2: 25% oil palm empty fruit bunch biochar (EFBB) + 75% of RFD; T3: 100% RFD; and T0: 0% biochar and fertilizer, were assigned to assess their impacts. The AWD irrigation produced a sharply reduced grain yield (210.58 g pot −1 ) compared to CF irrigation (218.04 g pot −1 ), whereas the biochar combination treatments T1 and T2 produced greater yields (260.27 and 252.12 g pot −1 , respectively), which were up to 12.5% higher than RFD. Within AWD, irrigation water usage by T1 and T2 (98.50 and 102.37 g L −1 , respectively) was profoundly reduced by up to 28.8%, with improved water use efficiency (WUE). The main effect of biochar treatment T1 and T2 also increased photosynthesis rate during vegetative and maturing stage (up to 17.6 and 24.4%, respectively), in addition to boosting agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) compared to RFD (T3). Nevertheless, T1 and T2 significantly enhanced the total carbon and nitrogen; dehydrogenase and urease enzyme activities also increased in both irrigation regimes. The results reveal that the integrated application of RHB and EFBB with fertilizer in the AWD regime significantly reduces irrigation water usage and improves nutrient use efficiency, WUE and soil biochemical properties with a minimum yield penalty for rice.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad Numery Ashfaqul Haque & Md. Kamal Uddin & Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman & Adibah Mohd Amin & Mahmud Hossain & Zakaria M. Solaiman & Mehnaz Mosharrof, 2022. "Rice Growth Performance, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Changes in Soil Properties Influenced by Biochar under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:7977-:d:852331
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Theeba Manickam & Gerard Cornelissen & Robert T. Bachmann & Illani Z. Ibrahim & Jan Mulder & Sarah E. Hale, 2015. "Biochar Application in Malaysian Sandy and Acid Sulfate Soils: Soil Amelioration Effects and Improved Crop Production over Two Cropping Seasons," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    7. Yit Leng Lee & Osumanu Haruna Ahmed & Samsuri Abdul Wahid & Zakry Fitri AB Aziz, 2021. "Biochar Tablets with and without Embedded Fertilizer on the Soil Chemical Characteristics and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Zea mays," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yunzhong Chen & Yan Zhao & Yuqin Wang & Xinrui Liu & Xiaofeng Qin & Qiqi Chen & Qilin Zhu & Ahmed S. Elrys & Yanzheng Wu & Lei Meng, 2024. "Biochar and Flooding Increase and Change the Diazotroph Communities in Tropical Paddy Fields," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Polina Kuryntseva & Kamalya Karamova & Polina Galitskaya & Svetlana Selivanovskaya & Gennady Evtugyn, 2023. "Biochar Functions in Soil Depending on Feedstock and Pyrolyzation Properties with Particular Emphasis on Biological Properties," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-39, October.

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