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Effects of irrigation regime and soil clay content and their interaction on the biological yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen-use efficiency of rice grown in southern China

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  • Alhaj Hamoud, Yousef
  • Guo, Xiangping
  • Wang, Zhenchang
  • Shaghaleh, Hiba
  • Chen, Sheng
  • Hassan, Alfadil
  • Bakour, Ahmad

Abstract

Rice is commonly grown in clay soils under flooding or water-saving irrigation. The combination of irrigation regime and soil texture tend to create the distinguished growing environment of crops. However, plant response to this combination environment is seldom studied in rice grown in southern China. To investigate the effects of irrigation regime, soil texture type and their interaction on the biomass production, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen-use efficiency of rice, a shelter experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of treatments with four replications. The main treatment was irrigation regime, set in three levels as R (30mm-100%), (100% saturation, 30 mm flooded), R (30mm-90%), (90% saturation, 30 mm flooded) and R (30mm-70%), (70% saturation, 30 mm flooded). The subtreatment was the soil texture type, set in three levels as 40%, 50% and 60% clay content, respectively. The irrigation regime, soil texture, and their combined interaction had significant effects on the biomass yield and nitrogen-use efficiency of rice. Compared to that of anaerobic-flooded water regime, biomass yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the aerobic-flooded water regime were markedly reduced in both seasons of 2016 and 2017. Higher soil expanding clay content improved the biomass production and nitrogen utilization of rice in the both seasons. Maintaining soil water content at saturation and then reflooding was the optimal water management practice for rice cultivation in the soil, with 60% swelling clay content. The optimal combination R (30mm-100%) S (60%) presented the greatest nitrogen-use efficiency, which was 34.7% in 2016 and 46.6% in 2017. Soil swelling was dominant in the combination R (30mm-100%) S (60%), as it increased the biomass yield, absorption and nitrogen utilization of the rice plant by 64.0%, 81.5% and 76.2% in 2016, and 67.2%, 82.9% and 77.9 in 2017, compared to the combination R (30mm-70%) S (40%). Allowing the expansive soil to dry to 30% below the saturation point and then reflooding resulted in a sharp reduction in the nitrogen-use efficiency of rice of 8.2% in 2016 and 10.3% in 2017 due to cracks in the soil that preferentially became the major routes of water and nutrient losses. Soil cracking is dependent on the irrigation regime and soil texture, and cracks must be avoided when yielding rice in vertic clay soil under water saving irrigation. Our results are valuable in deciding what water management option to practice when yielding rice in swell-shrink clay soil. The results are also an important contribution to knowledge of soil, water and rice relationships.

Suggested Citation

  • Alhaj Hamoud, Yousef & Guo, Xiangping & Wang, Zhenchang & Shaghaleh, Hiba & Chen, Sheng & Hassan, Alfadil & Bakour, Ahmad, 2019. "Effects of irrigation regime and soil clay content and their interaction on the biological yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen-use efficiency of rice grown in southern China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 934-946.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:213:y:2019:i:c:p:934-946
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.12.017
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    1. Willy Franz Gouertoumbo & Yousef Alhaj Hamoud & Xiangping Guo & Hiba Shaghaleh & Amar Ali Adam Hamad & Elsayed Elsadek, 2022. "Wheat Straw Burial Enhances the Root Physiology, Productivity, and Water Utilization Efficiency of Rice under Alternative Wetting and Drying Irrigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Zhou, Hongliang & Wang, Le & Xu, Pengjie & Liu, Dongfei & Zhang, Lijuan & Hao, Yuchen & Wang, Kaiyong & Fan, Hua, 2024. "Nitrogen use efficiency of drip irrigated sugar beet as affected by sub-optimal levels of nitrogen and irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    3. Meng’en Zhang & Shuting Dai & Saima Gul & Lizhi He & Hanbo Chen & Dan Liu, 2024. "Effect of Plow Pan on the Redistribution Dynamics of Water and Nutrient Transport in Soils," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-12, October.
    4. Mir Moazzam Ali Talpur & Hiba Shaghaleh & Amar Ali Adam Hamad & Tingting Chang & Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman & Muhammad Usman & Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, 2023. "Effect of Planting Geometry on Growth, Water Productivity, and Fruit Quality of Tomatoes under Different Soil Moisture Regimes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, June.
    5. Ariani, Miranti & Hanudin, Eko & Haryono, Eko, 2022. "The effect of contrasting soil textures on the efficiency of alternate wetting-drying to reduce water use and global warming potential," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    6. Alhaj Hamoud, Yousef & Shaghaleh, Hiba & Sheteiwy, Mohamed & Guo, Xiangping & Elshaikh, Nazar A. & Ullah Khan, Nasr & Oumarou, Abdoulaye & Rahim, Shah Fahad, 2019. "Impact of alternative wetting and soil drying and soil clay content on the morphological and physiological traits of rice roots and their relationships to yield and nutrient use-efficiency," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Wu, Wanping & Liu, Minguo & Wu, Xiaojuan & Wang, Zikui & Yang, Huimin, 2022. "Effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen uptake and soil mineral nitrogen in alfalfa grasslands of the inland arid area of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).

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