IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i10p5993-d816014.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil and Native Plants in an Industrial Environment, Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Saud S. Aloud

    (Soil Science Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khaled D. Alotaibi

    (Soil Science Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khalid F. Almutairi

    (Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia)

  • Fahad N. Albarakah

    (Soil Science Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Industrial activities are associated with various heavy metals (HMs) being emitted into the environment, which may pose a threat to humans and animals. The rapid increase in an industrial activity in major cities in Saudi Arabia (SA) has raised concerns regarding the accumulation of HMs in the environment. The aim of this study is to assess the accumulation of HMs in soil and native plants in an industrial environment. We collected 36 surface soil samples and 12 plant species from 12 sites in an industrial city in central SA. The results showed that the HMs content in the soil followed a descending order of (Fe > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cu> Cr > Cd). The enrichment factor (EF) of HMs in the soil ranged from 0.20 to 7336. Up to 100%, 16.6%, and 6.2% of soil samples were extremely highly enriched with Cd, Ni, and Pb, respectively. Plant species Cyperus laevigatus accumulate Cd, Pb, and Ni. Citrullus colocynthis accumulate Cd and Pb in significantly ( p < 0.001) higher amounts than other studied species. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) values for the 12 sites ranged from 0.52–1.33 with S5 and S2 PLI >1.0 indicating progressive deterioration of these sites. The Bioaccumulation Factor (BF) ranged from 0.04–2.76 and revealed that some plant species may be candidates for phytoextraction potential. The most promising plant species for phytoextraction and remediation were annuals or perennials such as Malva parviflora, Sisymbrium irio and Citrullus colocynthis, especially for Cr and Cu. This study suggests that these native plant species may be useful for phytoremediation in the area.

Suggested Citation

  • Saud S. Aloud & Khaled D. Alotaibi & Khalid F. Almutairi & Fahad N. Albarakah, 2022. "Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil and Native Plants in an Industrial Environment, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:5993-:d:816014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/10/5993/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/10/5993/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jingwen Tang & Liyuan Chai & Huan Li & Zhihui Yang & Weichun Yang, 2018. "A 10-Year Statistical Analysis of Heavy Metals in River and Sediment in Hengyang Segment, Xiangjiang River Basin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-28, April.
    2. L. Q. Ma & K. M. Komar & Cong Tu & Weihua Zhang & Yong Cai & E. D. Kennelley, 2001. "A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic," Nature, Nature, vol. 411(6836), pages 438-438, May.
    3. Lena Q. Ma & Kenneth M. Komar & Cong Tu & Weihua Zhang & Yong Cai & Elizabeth D. Kennelley, 2001. "A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic," Nature, Nature, vol. 409(6820), pages 579-579, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dorit Nitzan & Bindu Nishal Andreuzza & Deepanwita Chattopadhyay, 2023. "The Food Systems, One Health, and Resilience (FOR) Approach—Led by the FOR-Runners," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Saud S. Aloud & Khaled D. Alotaibi & Khalid F. Almutairi & Fahad N. Albarakah, 2023. "Phytoremediation Potential of Native Plants Growing in Industrially Polluted Soils of Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Veronika Zemanová & Daniela Pavlíková & Milan Novák & Petre I. Dobrev & Tomáš Matoušek & Václav Motyka & Milan Pavlík, 2022. "Arsenic-induced response in roots of arsenic-hyperaccumulator fern and soil enzymatic activity changes," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 68(5), pages 213-222.
    2. Jin Wu & Ruitao Jia & Hao Xuan & Dasheng Zhang & Guoming Zhang & Yuting Xiao, 2022. "Priority Soil Pollution Management of Contaminated Site Based on Human Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study in Southwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Nurfitri Abdul Gafur & Masayuki Sakakibara & Satoru Komatsu & Sakae Sano & Koichiro Sera, 2022. "Environmental Survey of the Distribution and Metal Contents of Pteris vittata in Arsenic–Lead–Mercury-Contaminated Gold Mining Areas along the Bone River in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Udai B. Singh & Deepti Malviya & Shailendra Singh & Prakash Singh & Abhijeet Ghatak & Muhammad Imran & Jai P. Rai & Rajiv K. Singh & Madhab C. Manna & Arun K. Sharma & Anil K. Saxena, 2021. "Salt-Tolerant Compatible Microbial Inoculants Modulate Physio-Biochemical Responses Enhance Plant Growth, Zn Biofortification and Yield of Wheat Grown in Saline-Sodic Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-25, September.
    5. Lenka Štofejová & Juraj Fazekaš & Danica Fazekašová, 2021. "Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil and Plants in the Dumping Ground of Magnesite Mining Factory Jelšava-Lubeník (Slovakia)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-13, April.
    6. Protima Dhar & Kazuhiro Kobayashi & Kazuhiro Ujiie & Fumihiko Adachi & Junko Kasuga & Ikuko Akahane & Tomohito Arao & Shingo Matsumoto, 2020. "The Increase in the Arsenic Concentration in Brown Rice Due to High Temperature during the Ripening Period and Its Reduction by Silicate Material Treatment," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-16, July.
    7. Cristina Hegedus & Simona-Nicoleta Pașcalău & Luisa Andronie & Ancuţa-Simona Rotaru & Alexandra-Antonia Cucu & Daniel Severus Dezmirean, 2023. "The Journey of 1000 Leagues towards the Decontamination of the Soil from Heavy Metals and the Impact on the Soil–Plant–Animal–Human Chain Begins with the First Step: Phytostabilization/Phytoextraction," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-49, March.
    8. Agnieszka Dradrach & Anna Karczewska & Katarzyna Szopka & Karolina Lewińska, 2020. "Accumulation of Arsenic by Plants Growing in the Sites Strongly Contaminated by Historical Mining in the Sudetes Region of Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-16, May.
    9. Chen Li & Xiaohui Ji & Xuegang Luo, 2019. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Pollution: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis from 1989 to 2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-28, November.
    10. R.W. Feng & C.Y. Wei, 2012. "Antioxidative mechanisms on selenium accumulation in Pteris vittata L., a potential selenium phytoremediation plant," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 58(3), pages 105-110.
    11. Małgorzata Szostek & Natalia Matłok & Patryk Kosowski & Anna Ilek & Maciej Balawejder, 2023. "Changes in Speciation and Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Sewage Sludge after the Ozonation Process," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-14, March.
    12. Alexandra D. Solomou & Rafaelia Germani & Nikolaos Proutsos & Michaela Petropoulou & Petros Koutroumpilas & Christos Galanis & Georgios Maroulis & Antonios Kolimenakis, 2022. "Utilizing Mediterranean Plants to Remove Contaminants from the Soil Environment: A Short Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-19, February.
    13. Farahat S. Moghanm & Antar El-Banna & Mohamed A. El-Esawi & Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim & Ahmed Mosa & Khaled A.A. Abdelaal, 2020. "Genotoxic and Anatomical Deteriorations Associated with Potentially Toxic Elements Accumulation in Water Hyacinth Grown in Drainage Water Resources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, March.
    14. Shuang Song & Qianqian Sheng & Zunling Zhu & Yanli Liu, 2023. "Application of Multi-Plant Symbiotic Systems in Phytoremediation: A Bibliometric Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-20, August.
    15. Kinga Drzewiecka & Przemysław Gawrysiak & Magdalena Woźniak & Michał Rybak, 2023. "Metal Accumulation and Tolerance of Energy Willow to Copper and Nickel under Simulated Drought Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-14, August.
    16. Ning Han & Chongyang Yang & Shunya Shimomura & Chihiro Inoue & Mei-Fang Chien, 2022. "Empirical Evidence of Arsenite Oxidase Gene as an Indicator Accounting for Arsenic Phytoextraction by Pteris vittata," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, February.
    17. Mengting Lin & Sairu Ma & Jie Liu & Xusheng Jiang & Demin Dai, 2024. "Remediation of Arsenic and Cadmium Co-Contaminated Soil: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-15, January.
    18. Dongping Shi & Chengyu Xie & Jinmiao Wang & Lichun Xiong, 2021. "Changes in the Structures and Directions of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil Remediation Research from 1999 to 2020: A Bibliometric & Scientometric Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-14, July.
    19. Saud S. Aloud & Khaled D. Alotaibi & Khalid F. Almutairi & Fahad N. Albarakah & Fahad Alotaibi & Ibrahim A. Ahmed, 2024. "Investigating the Interactive Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Different Chelating Agents (EDTA and DTPA) with Different Plant Species on Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-17, October.
    20. Georgios Kalyvas & Gerasimos Tsitselis & Dionisios Gasparatos & Ioannis Massas, 2018. "Efficacy of EDTA and Olive Mill Wastewater to Enhance As, Pb, and Zn Phytoextraction by Pteris vittata L. from a Soil Heavily Polluted by Mining Activities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-14, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:5993-:d:816014. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.