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A Spatial Improved-kNN-Based Flood Inundation Risk Framework for Urban Tourism under Two Rainfall Scenarios

Author

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  • Shuang Liu

    (School of Tourism and Public Management, Huzhou Vocational and Technical College, Huzhou 313000, China)

  • Rui Liu

    (College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China)

  • Nengzhi Tan

    (International College, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China)

Abstract

Urban tourism has been suffering socio-economic challenges from flood inundation risk (FIR) triggered by extraordinary rainfall under climate extremes. The evaluation of FIR is essential for mitigating economic losses, and even casualties. This study proposes an innovative spatial framework integrating improved k-nearest neighbor (kNN), remote sensing (RS), and geographic information system (GIS) to analyze FIR for tourism sites. Shanghai, China, was selected as a case study. Tempo-spatial factors, including climate, topography, drainage, vegetation, and soil, were selected to generate several flood-related gridded indicators as inputs into the evaluation framework. A likelihood of FIR was mapped to represent possible inundation for tourist sites under a moderate-heavy rainfall scenario and extreme rainfall scenario. The resultant map was verified by the maximum inundation extent merged by RS images and water bodies. The evaluation outcomes deliver the baseline and scientific information for urban planners and policymakers to take cost-effective measures for decreasing and evading the pressure of FIR on the sustainable development of urban tourism. The spatial improved-kNN-based framework provides an innovative, effective, and easy-to-use approach to evaluate the risk for the tourism industry under climate change.

Suggested Citation

  • Shuang Liu & Rui Liu & Nengzhi Tan, 2021. "A Spatial Improved-kNN-Based Flood Inundation Risk Framework for Urban Tourism under Two Rainfall Scenarios," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:2859-:d:511874
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    1. Sergej Gricar & Tea Baldigara & Violeta Šugar, 2021. "Sustainable Determinants That Affect Tourist Arrival Forecasting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-24, August.
    2. Pallavi Tomar & Suraj Kumar Singh & Shruti Kanga & Gowhar Meraj & Nikola Kranjčić & Bojan Đurin & Amitanshu Pattanaik, 2021. "GIS-Based Urban Flood Risk Assessment and Management—A Case Study of Delhi National Capital Territory (NCT), India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-20, November.

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