IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i20p11330-d655651.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Parking Policy as a Tool of Sustainable Mobility-Parking Standards in Poland vs. European Experiences

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Lower

    (Department of Urban Design and Settlement Processes, Faculty of Architecture, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Agnieszka Szumilas

    (Department of Urban Design and Settlement Processes, Faculty of Architecture, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Contemporary cities generally lack the balance between the development of the spatial structure and the communication possibilities of the inhabitants. The high motorisation rate in Poland, as well as in other European countries, and the preferred choice of individual means of transportation have both contributed to a significant increase in congestion over the last 10 years. The aim of this research was to try to establish to what extent a consciously conducted parking policy can help control the mobility of inhabitants of selected Polish cities. The starting point for the analysis was the availability of parking spaces in residential areas, introduced as an imposed indicator in the operative planning documents. As part of the research, the authors of this paper analyzed the legal provisions of the operative Local Spatial Development Plans (MPZP) concerning the parking function for housing estates five of the biggest cities in Poland. The results were confronted with data on selected European cities. Nearly 550 planning documents from the years 2000–2019 and parking standards operating in individual countries were cataloged and analyzed. The research results show that for 20 years Polish cities have mainly been using the possibility of determining the minimum rate of parking spaces. Regulations attempting to limit the number of cars are incidental. However, this is a necessary direction of legislative changes.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Lower & Agnieszka Szumilas, 2021. "Parking Policy as a Tool of Sustainable Mobility-Parking Standards in Poland vs. European Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11330-:d:655651
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11330/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/20/11330/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Piccioni, Cristiana & Valtorta, Marco & Musso, Antonio, 2019. "Investigating effectiveness of on-street parking pricing schemes in urban areas: An empirical study in Rome," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 136-147.
    2. Kirschner, Franziska & Lanzendorf, Martin, 2020. "Support for innovative on-street parking policies: empirical evidence from an urban neighborhood," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    3. John Golias & George Yannis & Michel Harvatis, 2002. "Off-Street Parking Choice Sensitivity," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 333-348, January.
    4. Ding, Chuan & Cao, Xinyu & Wang, Yunpeng, 2018. "Synergistic effects of the built environment and commuting programs on commute mode choice," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 104-118.
    5. Yan, Xiang & Levine, Jonathan & Marans, Robert, 2019. "The effectiveness of parking policies to reduce parking demand pressure and car use," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 41-50.
    6. Karol Kurnicki, 2020. "How to park a car? Immobility and the temporal organization of parking practices," Mobilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(5), pages 708-724, September.
    7. Huanmei Qin & Xiuhan Yang & Yao-Jan Wu & Hongzhi Guan & Pengfei Wang & Nasrin Shahinpoor, 2020. "Analysis of parking cruising behaviour and parking location choice," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(7), pages 717-734, October.
    8. Weinberger, Rachel, 2012. "Death by a thousand curb-cuts: Evidence on the effect of minimum parking requirements on the choice to drive," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 93-102.
    9. Ostermeijer, Francis & Koster, Hans RA. & van Ommeren, Jos, 2019. "Residential parking costs and car ownership: Implications for parking policy and automated vehicles," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 276-288.
    10. Guo, Zhan, 2013. "Home parking convenience, household car usage, and implications to residential parking policies," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 97-106.
    11. Paul A. Barter, 2015. "A parking policy typology for clearer thinking on parking reform," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 136-156, July.
    12. Li, Fei & Guo, Zhan, 2014. "Do parking standards matter? Evaluating the London parking reform with a matched-pair approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 352-365.
    13. Mingardo, Giuliano & van Wee, Bert & Rye, Tom, 2015. "Urban parking policy in Europe: A conceptualization of past and possible future trends," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 268-281.
    14. Fredrik Johansson & Greger Henriksson & Pelle Envall, 2019. "Moving to Private-Car-Restricted and Mobility-Served Neighborhoods: The Unspectacular Workings of a Progressive Mobility Plan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-19, November.
    15. Taylor, Elizabeth Jean, 2020. "Parking policy: The politics and uneven use of residential parking space in Melbourne," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    16. Jairo Ortega & Sarbast Moslem & Juan Palaguachi & Martin Ortega & Tiziana Campisi & Vincenza Torrisi, 2021. "An Integrated Multi Criteria Decision Making Model for Evaluating Park-and-Ride Facility Location Issue: A Case Study for Cuenca City in Ecuador," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhong Wang & Rui Xu, 2022. "Price Controls and Platform Ecosystem: A Comparative Analysis of Parking Applications between Beijing and London," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Gordana Todorović & Hrvoje Puskarić & Yury Klochkov & Vladimir Simić & Zorica Lazić & Aleksandar Đorđević, 2022. "Creating Quality-Based Smart Sustainable Public Parking Enterprises: A Methodology to Reframe Organizations into Smart Organizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-22, May.
    3. Ziyue Shan & Chenjing Zhou & Xiafei Song & Siyang Liu, 2022. "Influence Mechanism of Urban Staggered Shared Parking Policy on Behavioral Intentions of Users and Providers Based on Extended Planned Behavior Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-25, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. McAslan, Devon & Sprei, Frances, 2023. "Minimum parking requirements and car ownership: An analysis of Swedish municipalities," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 45-58.
    2. Şafak Hengirmen Tercan, 2023. "Effect of Residential Parking Policy Derogations on Sustainability of Streets: The Case of Gaziantep, Türkiye," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Selzer, Sina, 2021. "Car-reduced neighborhoods as blueprints for the transition toward an environmentally friendly urban transport system? A comparison of narratives and mobility-related practices in two case studies," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    4. Brudner, Amir, 2023. "On the management of residential on-street parking: Policies and repercussions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 94-107.
    5. Zhong Wang & Rui Xu, 2022. "Price Controls and Platform Ecosystem: A Comparative Analysis of Parking Applications between Beijing and London," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, May.
    6. Thumm, Alex Jürgen & Perl, Anthony, 2020. "Puzzling over parking: Assessing the transitional parking requirement in Vancouver, British Columbia," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 85-101.
    7. De Gruyter, Chris & Davies, Liam & Truong, Long T., 2021. "Examining spatial variations in minimum residential parking requirements in Melbourne," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    8. Scheiner, Joachim & Faust, Nico & Helmer, Johannes & Straub, Michael & Holz-Rau, Christian, 2020. "What's that garage for? Private parking and on-street parking in a high-density urban residential neighbourhood," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    9. Budnitz, Hannah & Meelen, Toon & Schwanen, Tim, 2022. "Residential Neighbourhood Charging of Electric Vehicles: an exploration of user preferences," SocArXiv fsv7n, Center for Open Science.
    10. Dahlen Silva & Dávid Földes & Csaba Csiszár, 2021. "Autonomous Vehicle Use and Urban Space Transformation: A Scenario Building and Analysing Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, March.
    11. De Gruyter, Chris & Truong, Long T. & Taylor, Elizabeth J., 2020. "Can high quality public transport support reduced car parking requirements for new residential apartments?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Qian Liu & Mingjian Zhu & Zuopeng Xiao, 2019. "Workplace Parking Provision and Built Environments: Improving Context-Specific Parking Standards Towards Sustainable Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-23, February.
    13. Frances Sprei & Cecilia Hult & Åsa Hult & Anders Roth, 2020. "Review of the Effects of Developments with Low Parking Requirements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, February.
    14. De Gruyter, Chris & Hooper, Paula & Foster, Sarah, 2023. "Do apartment residents have enough car parking? An empirical assessment of car parking adequacy in Australian cities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    15. Ulrika Gunnarsson-Östling, 2021. "Housing Design and Mobility Convenience—The Case of Sweden," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-19, January.
    16. Taylor, Elizabeth Jean, 2020. "Parking policy: The politics and uneven use of residential parking space in Melbourne," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    17. Fredrik Johansson & Greger Henriksson & Pelle Envall, 2019. "Moving to Private-Car-Restricted and Mobility-Served Neighborhoods: The Unspectacular Workings of a Progressive Mobility Plan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-19, November.
    18. Bondemark, Anders & Merkel, Axel, 2023. "Parking not included: The effect of paid residential parking on housing prices and its relationship with public transport proximity," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    19. Qian Liu & James Wang & Peng Chen & Zuopeng Xiao, 2017. "How does parking interplay with the built environment and affect automobile commuting in high-density cities? A case study in China," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(14), pages 3299-3317, November.
    20. Gabbe, C.J. & Pierce, Gregory & Clowers, Gordon, 2020. "Parking policy: The effects of residential minimum parking requirements in Seattle," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11330-:d:655651. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.