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A parking policy typology for clearer thinking on parking reform

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  • Paul A. Barter

Abstract

This paper contends that the absence of a widely understood typology of parking policy approaches is causing confusion in an important urban policy arena. This is apparent across the parking policy literature, both academic and practical, and across several regions. Previous typologies are reviewed and found to be either incomplete, overly simplistic, inaccurate, or failing to offer insight beyond merely describing the diversity. None enables much insight into the thinking behind each approach and reform thrust. To remedy this gap, a new approach to classifying parking policies is proposed. It is based on making explicit the contrasting mindsets behind different parking reform directions. A review of geographical diversity (both international and within metropolitan areas) is presented. This allows the value of the taxonomy to be evaluated, as well as enabling some refinements. Three main mindsets are posited, with each being defined by answers to two key questions. Each mindset has contrasting assumptions about the nature of parking as an economic good. Further detail in the typology is enabled through a third dimension based on one further question. New clarity provided by the new classification approach should reduce the tendency for parking debates to be confounded by the conflation of distinct reforms, by false dichotomies and by 'straw man' portrayals of key alternatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul A. Barter, 2015. "A parking policy typology for clearer thinking on parking reform," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 136-156, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:136-156
    DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.927740
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    1. repec:ucp:bkecon:9781884829987 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Chris Webster & Lawrence W.-C. Lai, 2003. "Property Rights, Planning and Markets," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 2625, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Albalate & Albert Gragera, 2018. "“Misinformation and Misperception in the market for parking”," IREA Working Papers 201812, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Jun 2018.
    2. Ramadan, Ahmed & Roorda, Matthew, 2016. "Impacts of Illegal On-Street Parking on Toronto's CBD Congestion," 57th Transportation Research Forum (51st CTRF) Joint Conference, Toronto, Ontario, May 1-4, 2016 319289, Transportation Research Forum.
    3. Seya, Hajime & Nakamichi, Kumiko & Yamagata, Yoshiki, 2016. "The residential parking rent price elasticity of car ownership in Japan," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 123-134.
    4. Taylor, Dr Elizabeth, 2021. "Free parking for free people: German road laws and rights as constraints on local car parking management," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 23-33.
    5. Fredrik Johansson & Greger Henriksson & Pelle Envall, 2019. "Moving to Private-Car-Restricted and Mobility-Served Neighborhoods: The Unspectacular Workings of a Progressive Mobility Plan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-19, November.
    6. Şafak Hengirmen Tercan, 2023. "Effect of Residential Parking Policy Derogations on Sustainability of Streets: The Case of Gaziantep, Türkiye," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-14, March.
    7. Wang, Siqin & Liu, Yan, 2022. "Parking in inner versus outer city spaces: Spatiotemporal patterns of parking problems and their associations with built environment features in Brisbane, Australia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    8. Spurling, Nicola, 2020. "Parking futures: The relationship between parking space, everyday life and travel demand in the UK," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    9. Taylor, Elizabeth Jean, 2020. "Parking policy: The politics and uneven use of residential parking space in Melbourne," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    10. Anna Lower & Agnieszka Szumilas, 2021. "Parking Policy as a Tool of Sustainable Mobility-Parking Standards in Poland vs. European Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    11. Hajime Seya & Kay W. Axhausen & Makoto Chikaraishi, 2020. "Spatial unconditional quantile regression: application to Japanese parking price data," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 65(2), pages 351-402, October.

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