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Impact of Outdoor Temperature Variations on Thermal State in Experiments Using Immersive Virtual Environment

Author

Listed:
  • Girish Rentala

    (Department of Construction Management, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA)

  • Yimin Zhu

    (Department of Construction Management, College of Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA)

  • Neil M. Johannsen

    (Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Science and Education, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA)

Abstract

Recent studies have established immersive virtual environments (IVEs) as promising tools for studying human thermal states and human–building interactions. One advantage of using immersive virtual environments is that experiments or data collection can be conducted at any time of the year. However, previous studies have confirmed the potential impact of outdoor temperature variations, such as seasonal variations on human thermal sensation. To the best of our knowledge, no study has looked into the potential impact of variations in outdoor temperatures on experiments using IVE. Thus, this study aimed to determine if different outdoor temperature conditions affected the thermal states in experiments using IVEs. Experiments were conducted using a head mounted display (HMD) in a climate chamber, and the data was analyzed under three temperature ranges. A total of seventy-two people participated in the experiments conducted in two contrasting outdoor temperature conditions, i.e., cold and warm outdoor conditions. The in situ experiments conducted in two cases, i.e., cooling in warm outdoor conditions and heating in cold outdoor conditions, were used as a baseline. The baseline in-situ experiments were then compared with the IVE experiments conducted in four cases, i.e., cooling in warm and cold outdoor conditions and heating in warm and cold outdoor conditions. The selection of cooling in cold outdoor conditions and heating in warm outdoor conditions for IVE experiments is particularly for studying the impact of outdoor temperature variations. Results showed that under the experimental and outdoor temperature conditions, outdoor temperature variations in most cases did not impact the results of IVE experiments, i.e., IVE experiments can replicate a temperature environment for participants compared to the ones in the in situ experiments. In addition, the participant’s thermal sensation vote was found to be a reliable indicator between IVE and in situ settings in all studied conditions. A few significantly different cases were related to thermal comfort, thermal acceptability, and overall skin temperature.

Suggested Citation

  • Girish Rentala & Yimin Zhu & Neil M. Johannsen, 2021. "Impact of Outdoor Temperature Variations on Thermal State in Experiments Using Immersive Virtual Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-36, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:10638-:d:642756
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Yang, Liu & Yan, Haiyan & Lam, Joseph C., 2014. "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 164-173.
    3. Liang, Han-Hsi & Lin, Tzu-Ping & Hwang, Ruey-Lung, 2012. "Linking occupants’ thermal perception and building thermal performance in naturally ventilated school buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 355-363.
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