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Social Sustainability of Post-Disaster: How Teachers Enable Primary School Students to Be Resilient in Times of Ranau Earthquake

Author

Listed:
  • Soon Singh Bikar

    (Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia)

  • Balan Rathakrishnan

    (Faculty of Psychology and Education, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia)

  • Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin

    (Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Norruzeyati Che Mohd Nasir

    (School of Applied Psychology, Social Work & Policy, College of Art and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok 06010, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Azrin Mohd Nasir

    (School of Applied Psychology, Social Work & Policy, College of Art and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok 06010, Malaysia)

Abstract

The Ranau Earthquake that struck on 5 June 2015, February 2018, and April 2021, were a new disaster in Sabah and caused many Sabahan to panic. The unpredicted disaster also caused a serious impact on all aspects of life in Sabah. The earthquake has caused severe damage to eight primary schools in the vicinity of the epicenter, although no casualties were reported. However, the disaster has deep passing psychological effects among students. In this study, we examine how the primary school teachers enabled the student to be resilient during and after the disaster. Based on the interviews with 16 primary school students, it was revealed that most of the teachers used WhatsApp to support resilience during and after the earthquake. Interviews with 16 primary school teachers revealed there were two main reasons for them to communicate with students, namely, delivering emotional aid and monitoring their stress. Based on student interviews, five content categories of emotional support were identified: caring, reassuring, emotion sharing, belonging, and distracting. The main contribution of this study is that social media can be used as a spontaneous and proactive tool for supporting the student’s resilience during and after the earthquake trauma.

Suggested Citation

  • Soon Singh Bikar & Balan Rathakrishnan & Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin & Norruzeyati Che Mohd Nasir & Mohd Azrin Mohd Nasir, 2021. "Social Sustainability of Post-Disaster: How Teachers Enable Primary School Students to Be Resilient in Times of Ranau Earthquake," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-11, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7308-:d:585300
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Koichi Shiwaku & Yasutaka Ueda & Yukihiko Oikawa & Rajib Shaw, 2016. "School disaster resilience assessment in the affected areas of 2011 East Japan earthquake and tsunami," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 82(1), pages 333-365, May.
    2. Lubhana Malik Mental, 2019. "Mental Health in Adolescents," Global Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 6(3), pages 45-46, March.
    3. Balan Rathakrishnan & Soon Singh Bikar Singh & Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin & Mohd Fahmi Ghazali & Azizi Yahaya & Noor Hassline Mohamed & Anath Rau Krishnan, 2021. "Homesickness and Socio-Cultural Adaptation towards Perceived Stress among International Students of a Public University in Sabah: An Exploration Study for Social Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shasha Li & Xinyu Peng & Ruiqiu Pang & Li Li & Zixuan Song & Hongying Ye, 2021. "Information Preference and Information Supply Efficiency Evaluation before, during, and after an Earthquake: Evidence from Songyuan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-28, December.
    2. Adi Jafar & Ramli Dollah & Nordin Sakke & Mohammad Tahir Mapa & Eko Prayitno Joko & Marsitah Mohd Radzi & Ubong Imang & Syahruddin Awang Ahmad & Andika Ab. Wahab & Jemmy Amanda Sipatau, 2022. "Tourism and Natural Hazards: River Landform Changes Due to Geohazards and Its Influence on the Economic Development of Ecotourism in Sabah, Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-17, November.

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