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Other- versus Self-Referenced Social Impacts of Events: Validating a New Scale

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  • Marijke Taks

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada)

  • Daichi Oshimi

    (Department of Sport & Leisure Management, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan)

  • Nola Agha

    (Sport Management Program, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA)

Abstract

Publicly funded sport events are partially justified based on positive social impacts. Past research generally measured social impact for a generic and global “other” with claims such as “Events create new friendships in the community”. These other-referenced (OR) social impacts are generally higher pre-event than post-event and are inflated for both methodological and theoretical reasons. In the pre-event period of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, we empirically tested OR items compared to self-referenced (SR) items, such as “Because of the event, I create new friends in the community” and allowed projection bias to vary between scales. Results of the experiment between an OR-Social Impact Scale (OR-SIS) and a similar SR-SIS confirmed OR-measures to be significantly higher than SR-measures. While artificially inflated OR scores may be useful for event organizers and politicians to gain support for hosting, estimates based on circumscribed self (SR) are a methodologically appropriate measurement of social impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Marijke Taks & Daichi Oshimi & Nola Agha, 2020. "Other- versus Self-Referenced Social Impacts of Events: Validating a New Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10281-:d:459132
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Rei Yamashita, 2021. "Mega-Para-Sporting Event Social Impacts Perceived by Tokyo Residents: Comparison of Residents’ Vitality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.

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