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Renewable Energy Products through Bioremediation of Wastewater

Author

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  • Ravi Kant Bhatia

    (Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005 (H.P.), India)

  • Deepak Sakhuja

    (Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005 (H.P.), India)

  • Shyam Mundhe

    (Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005 (H.P.), India)

  • Abhishek Walia

    (Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur 176062 (H.P.), India)

Abstract

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, the population density of the world is intense in developing countries. This overgrowing population has resulted in the production of huge amounts of waste/refused water due to various anthropogenic activities. Household, municipal corporations (MC), urban local bodies (ULBs), and industries produce a huge amount of waste water, which is discharged into nearby water bodies and streams/rivers without proper treatment, resulting in water pollution. This mismanaged treatment of wastewater leads to various challenges like loss of energy to treat the wastewater and scarcity of fresh water, beside various water born infections. However, all these major issues can provide solutions to each other. Most of the wastewater generated by ULBs and industries is rich in various biopolymers like starch, lactose, glucose lignocellulose, protein, lipids, fats, and minerals, etc. These biopolymers can be converted into sustainable biofuels, i.e., ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, biogas, hydrogen, methane, biohythane, etc., through its bioremediation followed by dark fermentation (DF) and anaerobic digestion (AD). The key challenge is to plan strategies in such a way that they not only help in the treatment of wastewater, but also produce some valuable energy driven products from it. This review will deal with various strategies being used in the treatment of wastewater as well as for production of some valuable energy products from it to tackle the upcoming future demands and challenges of fresh water and energy crisis, along with sustainable development.

Suggested Citation

  • Ravi Kant Bhatia & Deepak Sakhuja & Shyam Mundhe & Abhishek Walia, 2020. "Renewable Energy Products through Bioremediation of Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:18:p:7501-:d:412323
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Hemant Ghai & Deepak Sakhuja & Shikha Yadav & Preeti Solanki & Chayanika Putatunda & Ravi Kant Bhatia & Arvind Kumar Bhatt & Sunita Varjani & Yung-Hun Yang & Shashi Kant Bhatia & Abhishek Walia, 2022. "An Overview on Co-Pyrolysis of Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Wastes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-27, June.
    2. Shashi Kant Bhatia, 2021. "Wastewater Based Microbial Biorefinery for Bioenergy Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-5, August.
    3. Beatriz Del Río-Gamero & Alejandro Ramos-Martín & Noemi Melián-Martel & Sebastián Pérez-Báez, 2020. "Water-Energy Nexus: A Pathway of Reaching the Zero Net Carbon in Wastewater Treatment Plants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Domagoj Talapko & Jasminka Talapko & Ivan Erić & Ivana Škrlec, 2023. "Biological Hydrogen Production from Biowaste Using Dark Fermentation, Storage and Transportation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Mohammed Ali Musa & Syazwani Idrus, 2021. "Physical and Biological Treatment Technologies of Slaughterhouse Wastewater: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.

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