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Could Gwadar Port in Pakistan Be a New Gateway? A Network Simulation Approach in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Author

Listed:
  • Ryuichi Shibasaki

    (Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan)

  • Satoshi Tanabe

    (PADECO Co. Ltd., Minato, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan)

  • Hironori Kato

    (Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan)

  • Paul Tae-Woo Lee

    (Maritime Logistics and Free Trade Islands Research Center, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China)

Abstract

Central Asia (CA), comprising six independent countries and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (XUAR), is an archetypal landlocked region suffering from poor access to global markets. Possible gateway seaports for CA cargo are scattered across the Eurasian continent, and access requires long-haul transport. Thanks to their shorter hinterland transport distances, Pakistani ports, including Gwadar Port, which has drawn attention in the context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, are investing a substantial amount in their infrastructure, with the aim of becoming the new gateway seaport for CA cargo. This paper aims to analyse the market potential of Gwadar Port and other Pakistani ports as gateways of the cargo to/from CA countries, including China and Russia, applying a two-layered network assignment model, developed from the perspective of shippers, under six scenario conditions. To overcome the lack of data availability in the region, surveys and interviews were conducted. The simulation results, based on several policy scenarios concerning the use of Gwadar Port, with hinterland connections and reduced border barriers, show that the port could handle a sustainable number of containers. If the hinterland rail network effectively connected the port to the CA countries via the XUAR, Pakistani ports could become gateways for CA cargo.

Suggested Citation

  • Ryuichi Shibasaki & Satoshi Tanabe & Hironori Kato & Paul Tae-Woo Lee, 2019. "Could Gwadar Port in Pakistan Be a New Gateway? A Network Simulation Approach in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-28, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:20:p:5757-:d:277532
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    1. Mukunda Adhikari & Zhiguo Ma, 2022. "The Belt and Road Initiative as a Gateway to the Sea for Land-Locked Countries: With Reference to Nepal," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440221, March.
    2. Lee, Paul Tae-Woo & Hu, Zhi-Hua & Lee, Sangjeong & Feng, Xuehao & Notteboom, Theo, 2022. "Strategic locations for logistics distribution centers along the Belt and Road: Explorative analysis and research agenda," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 24-47.
    3. Qian Luo & Guohua Fang & Jian Ye & Min Yan & Chengxuan Lu, 2020. "Country Evaluation for China’s Hydropower Investment in the Belt and Road Initiative Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-19, October.
    4. Achilleas Tsantis & John Mangan & Agustina Calatayud & Roberto Palacin, 2023. "Container shipping: a systematic literature review of themes and factors that influence the establishment of direct connections between countries," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 25(4), pages 667-697, December.
    5. Zhao, Jianting & Sun, Guibo & Webster, Chris, 2022. "Does China-Pakistan Economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan? A protocol assessing the planned transport network infrastructure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).

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