IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i11p3002-d234881.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Effect of Gamification on Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes: Implications for Cruise Tourism Destinations

Author

Listed:
  • Byeong Cheol Lee

    (Department of Tourism and Event Management, Kyonggi University, Seoul 03746, Korea)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the effect of gamification on tourist psychological outcome and knowledge gain in the context of cultural heritage sites, which are popular cruise tourism destinations. A comprehensive literature review revealed the critical role of gamification in facilitating psychological (enjoyment, flow experience, and loyalty) and behavioral outcomes (knowledge gain) at cultural heritage sites. Using a field experiment, this study employed a gamified app as a manipulation. A total of 342 gamified app users (n = 165) or non-users (n = 177) were selected by stratified random sampling method from among college students majoring in tourism and cruise management in South Korea. After screening the data, a Hayes’ PROCESS modeling technique was mainly utilized to test the proposed hypotheses based on 331 cases. The results showed that gamification had a strong influence on knowledge gain about cultural heritage attractions. On the other hand, gamification had negative effects on enjoyment and flow experience. More importantly, gamification had a negative indirect effect on loyalty toward cultural heritage attractions. These findings imply the usefulness of gamified apps to convey memorable and real-time information and knowledge to users in cultural heritage sites.

Suggested Citation

  • Byeong Cheol Lee, 2019. "The Effect of Gamification on Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes: Implications for Cruise Tourism Destinations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:11:p:3002-:d:234881
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/11/3002/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/11/3002/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Johnson, David, 2002. "Environmentally sustainable cruise tourism: a reality check," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 261-270, July.
    2. Kim, Kyongseok & Ahn, Sun Joo (Grace), 2017. "The Role of Gamification in Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation to Use a Loyalty Program," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 41-51.
    3. Feifei Xu & Jessika Weber & Dimitrios Buhalis, 2013. "Gamification in Tourism," Springer Books, in: Zheng Xiang & Iis Tussyadiah (ed.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014, edition 127, pages 525-537, Springer.
    4. Kai Huotari & Juho Hamari, 2017. "A definition for gamification: anchoring gamification in the service marketing literature," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 27(1), pages 21-31, February.
    5. Adina Letiţia Negruşa & Valentin Toader & Aurelian Sofică & Mihaela Filofteia Tutunea & Rozalia Veronica Rus, 2015. "Exploring Gamification Techniques and Applications for Sustainable Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-30, August.
    6. Lidia Aguiar-Castillo & Alberto Clavijo-Rodriguez & Petra De Saa-Perez & Rafael Perez-Jimenez, 2019. "Gamification as An Approach to Promote Tourist Recycling Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, April.
    7. Changsok Yoo & Shinhye Kwon & Hyunsoo Na & Byenghee Chang, 2017. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Gamified Smart Tourism Applications: An Integrative Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-21, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Hualong & Li, Dan, 2021. "Health management gamification: Understanding the effects of goal difficulty, achievement incentives, and social networks on performance," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    2. Hao Zhang & Jie He & Xiaomeng Shi & Qiong Hong & Jie Bao & Shuqi Xue, 2020. "Technology Characteristics, Stakeholder Pressure, Social Influence, and Green Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Express Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Behl, Abhishek & Jayawardena, Nirma & Pereira, Vijay & Islam, Nazrul & Giudice, Manlio Del & Choudrie, Jyoti, 2022. "Gamification and e-learning for young learners: A systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis, and future research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    4. Yeohyun Yoon & Kyoung Cheon Cha, 2020. "A Qualitative Review of Cruise Service Quality: Case Studies from Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-24, September.
    5. Bing Mei & Shuxia Yang, 2019. "Nurturing Environmental Education at the Tertiary Education Level in China: Can Mobile Augmented Reality and Gamification Help?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-12, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aguiar-Castillo Lidia & Rufo-Torres Julio & De Saa-Pérez Petra & Perez-Jimenez Rafael, 2018. "How to Encourage Recycling Behaviour? The Case of WasteApp: A Gamified Mobile Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Behl, Abhishek & Jayawardena, Nirma & Pereira, Vijay & Islam, Nazrul & Giudice, Manlio Del & Choudrie, Jyoti, 2022. "Gamification and e-learning for young learners: A systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis, and future research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    3. Sharma, Wamika & Lim, Weng Marc & Kumar, Satish & Verma, Aastha & Kumra, Rajeev, 2024. "Game on! A state-of-the-art overview of doing business with gamification," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    4. David Zejda & Josef Zelenka, 2019. "The Concept of Comprehensive Tracking Software to Support Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Changsok Yoo & Shinhye Kwon & Hyunsoo Na & Byenghee Chang, 2017. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Gamified Smart Tourism Applications: An Integrative Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-21, November.
    6. Hsi-Peng Lu & Hui-Chen Ho, 2020. "Exploring the Impact of Gamification on Users’ Engagement for Sustainable Development: A Case Study in Brand Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Moro, Sérgio & Ramos, Pedro & Esmerado, Joaquim & Jalali, Seyed Mohammad Jafar, 2019. "Can we trace back hotel online reviews’ characteristics using gamification features?," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 88-95.
    8. Bidler, Margarita & Zimmermann, Johanna & Schumann, Jan H. & Widjaja, Thomas, 2020. "Increasing Consumers’ Willingness to Engage in Data Disclosure Processes through Relevance-Illustrating Game Elements," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 96(4), pages 507-523.
    9. Ana Slavec & Nežka Sajinčič & Vesna Starman, 2021. "Use of Smartphone Cameras and Other Applications While Traveling to Sustain Outdoor Cultural Heritage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
    10. Cheng-Wen Lee & Chi-Hsi Wang, 2021. "Value Analysis and Value Engineering on the Sustainability of Global Sourcing Competitiveness," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 11(6), pages 1-1.
    11. S. Venus Jin & Aziz Muqaddam, 2019. "Product placement 2.0: “Do Brands Need Influencers, or Do Influencers Need Brands?”," Journal of Brand Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(5), pages 522-537, September.
    12. Melinda Jászberényi & Márk Miskolczi, 2020. "Danube Cruise Tourism as a Niche Product—An Overview of the Current Supply and Potential," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-22, June.
    13. Xiaoyu Xu & Luyao Wang & Kai Zhao, 2020. "Exploring Determinants of Consumers’ Platform Usage in “Double Eleven” Shopping Carnival in China: Cognition and Emotion from an Integrated Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, April.
    14. Mingyu Zhao & Jianguo Liu, 2021. "Study on Spatial Structure Characteristics of the Tourism and Leisure Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, November.
    15. Behzad MOHAMMADIAN & Corina MARINESCU, 2023. "Gamification Effectiveness In Tourism Industry: Evidence From Human Resource Process Tracing," Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 17(1), pages 664-677, November.
    16. Lackes, Richard & Siepermann, Markus & Vetter, Georg, 2020. "What drives decision makers to follow or ignore forecasting tools - A game based analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 315-322.
    17. Rainer Alt & Hans-Dieter Zimmermann, 2019. "Electronic Markets on platform competition," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 29(2), pages 143-149, June.
    18. Vicente-Cera, Isaías & Acevedo-Merino, Asunción & Nebot, Enrique & López-Ramírez, Juan Antonio, 2020. "Analyzing cruise ship itineraries patterns and vessels diversity in ports of the European maritime region: A hierarchical clustering approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    19. Parjanen, Satu & Hyypiä, Mirva, 2019. "Innotin game supporting collective creativity in innovation activities," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 26-34.
    20. Hatice Doğan-Südaş & Ali Kara & Emre Karaca, 2023. "Effects of Gamified Mobile Apps on Purchase Intentions and Word-of-Mouth Engagement: Implications for Sustainability Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-17, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:11:p:3002-:d:234881. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.