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Factors Affecting the Adoption of Gamified Smart Tourism Applications: An Integrative Approach

Author

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  • Changsok Yoo

    (Department of Culture & Tourism Content, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea)

  • Shinhye Kwon

    (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea)

  • Hyunsoo Na

    (Department of Culture & Tourism Content, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea)

  • Byenghee Chang

    (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea)

Abstract

Considering that the core concerns in sustainability are threats to the survival of humankind and the ecosystems that humans depend on, changing the consumption and production behaviors of individuals and society is inevitable. However, people are reluctant to change their own behavior in support of sustainability goals. This tendency seems to be especially strong in tourism because the main value of tourism is hedonic utility. Thus, the tourism industry is now introducing gamification and smart tourism to shift tourist behavior toward sustainability, but most of studies and practices only focus on the performance and application of gamification without considering customer adoption patterns and perceptions during the process. This study empirically investigated what factors affect the adoption of smart tourism applications that incorporate game elements, using the Google Maps tourist guide program. As an initial approach, we incorporated diverse theoretical approaches: perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use; perceived enjoyment from technology acceptance model; information and interaction motivations from the uses and gratifications theory; the network effect; distributive justice; flow as responses to the game characteristics of smart tourism applications; and information privacy concerns as a negative factor for diffusion. The result showed that hedonic characteristics of the gamified smart tourism application (GSTA) are strong in adoption. Perceived enjoyment had a significant influence on the intention to use, but information quality, related to cognitive experience, did not. The flow and perceived distributive justice associated with the game content were not significant, but the interaction motivation was significant in the research model. The results of this study show that individuals regard a GSTA as a low-level game tool. Also, it is important to preoccupy the smart tourism application market in terms of marketing strategy because the network effect is relevant to both perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment. We also found that the need to provide personal information would negatively affect the adoption of a gamified smart tourism application.

Suggested Citation

  • Changsok Yoo & Shinhye Kwon & Hyunsoo Na & Byenghee Chang, 2017. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Gamified Smart Tourism Applications: An Integrative Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:12:p:2162-:d:120135
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    3. Aguiar-Castillo Lidia & Rufo-Torres Julio & De Saa-Pérez Petra & Perez-Jimenez Rafael, 2018. "How to Encourage Recycling Behaviour? The Case of WasteApp: A Gamified Mobile Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Meena Kumari Pradhan & Jungjoo Oh & Hwansoo Lee, 2018. "Understanding Travelers’ Behavior for Sustainable Smart Tourism: A Technology Readiness Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, November.
    5. Chien-Ta Bruce Ho & Nathatenee Gebsombut, 2019. "Communication Factors Affecting Tourist Adoption of Social Network Sites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-13, August.
    6. Moro, Sérgio & Ramos, Pedro & Esmerado, Joaquim & Jalali, Seyed Mohammad Jafar, 2019. "Can we trace back hotel online reviews’ characteristics using gamification features?," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 88-95.
    7. Mateusz Naramski, 2020. "The Application of ICT and Smart Technologies in Polish Museums—Towards Smart Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-27, November.
    8. Kai Zhang & Xuejiao Chen, 2022. "Research on the Influencing Mechanism via Which Security Perception of Personal Information Affects Tourist Happiness: A Moderated Mediation Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-23, November.
    9. Ana Slavec & Nežka Sajinčič & Vesna Starman, 2021. "Use of Smartphone Cameras and Other Applications While Traveling to Sustain Outdoor Cultural Heritage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
    10. Chen, Chia-Chen & Hsiao, Kuo-Lun & Li, Wan-Chen, 2020. "Exploring the determinants of usage continuance willingness for location-based apps: A case study of bicycle-based exercise apps," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    11. Chenkuo Pai & Sangguk Kang & Yumeng Liu & Yingchuan Zheng, 2021. "An Examination of Revisit Intention Based on Perceived Smart Tourism Technology Experience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    12. Lidia Aguiar-Castillo & Alberto Clavijo-Rodriguez & Petra De Saa-Perez & Rafael Perez-Jimenez, 2019. "Gamification as An Approach to Promote Tourist Recycling Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, April.
    13. Hun Kim & Byenghee Chang, 2020. "A Study on the Effects of Crowdfunding Values on the Intention to Visit Local Festivals: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Perceived Risk and e-WOM," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, April.
    14. Yuwen Zhang & Marios Sotiriadis & Shiwei Shen, 2022. "Investigating the Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on Tourists’ Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    15. Taegoo Terry Kim & Osman M. Karatepe & Gyehee Lee & Hande Demiral, 2018. "Do Gender and Prior Experience Moderate the Factors Influencing Attitude toward Using Social Media for Festival Attendance?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, September.

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