IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v9y2017i12p2162-d120135.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Gamified Smart Tourism Applications: An Integrative Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Changsok Yoo

    (Department of Culture & Tourism Content, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea)

  • Shinhye Kwon

    (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea)

  • Hyunsoo Na

    (Department of Culture & Tourism Content, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea)

  • Byenghee Chang

    (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea)

Abstract

Considering that the core concerns in sustainability are threats to the survival of humankind and the ecosystems that humans depend on, changing the consumption and production behaviors of individuals and society is inevitable. However, people are reluctant to change their own behavior in support of sustainability goals. This tendency seems to be especially strong in tourism because the main value of tourism is hedonic utility. Thus, the tourism industry is now introducing gamification and smart tourism to shift tourist behavior toward sustainability, but most of studies and practices only focus on the performance and application of gamification without considering customer adoption patterns and perceptions during the process. This study empirically investigated what factors affect the adoption of smart tourism applications that incorporate game elements, using the Google Maps tourist guide program. As an initial approach, we incorporated diverse theoretical approaches: perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use; perceived enjoyment from technology acceptance model; information and interaction motivations from the uses and gratifications theory; the network effect; distributive justice; flow as responses to the game characteristics of smart tourism applications; and information privacy concerns as a negative factor for diffusion. The result showed that hedonic characteristics of the gamified smart tourism application (GSTA) are strong in adoption. Perceived enjoyment had a significant influence on the intention to use, but information quality, related to cognitive experience, did not. The flow and perceived distributive justice associated with the game content were not significant, but the interaction motivation was significant in the research model. The results of this study show that individuals regard a GSTA as a low-level game tool. Also, it is important to preoccupy the smart tourism application market in terms of marketing strategy because the network effect is relevant to both perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment. We also found that the need to provide personal information would negatively affect the adoption of a gamified smart tourism application.

Suggested Citation

  • Changsok Yoo & Shinhye Kwon & Hyunsoo Na & Byenghee Chang, 2017. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Gamified Smart Tourism Applications: An Integrative Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:12:p:2162-:d:120135
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/12/2162/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/12/2162/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Roman Beck & Daniel Beimborn & Tim Weitzel & Wolfgang König, 2008. "Network effects as drivers of individual technology adoption: Analyzing adoption and diffusion of mobile communication services," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 415-429, September.
    2. Se-Joon Hong & Kar Yan Tam, 2006. "Understanding the Adoption of Multipurpose Information Appliances: The Case of Mobile Data Services," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 17(2), pages 162-179, June.
    3. Rajagopal, 2014. "The Human Factors," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Architecting Enterprise, chapter 9, pages 225-249, Palgrave Macmillan.
    4. Gretz, Richard T. & Basuroy, Suman, 2013. "Why Quality May Not Always Win: The Impact of Product Generation Life Cycles on Quality and Network Effects in High-tech Markets," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 89(3), pages 281-300.
    5. Sangkyun Kim, 2015. "Interdisciplinary Approaches and Methods for Sustainable Transformation and Innovation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-7, April.
    6. Hong-Sheng Chang & Han-Liang Hsiao, 2008. "Examining the casual relationship among service recovery, perceived justice, perceived risk, and customer value in the hotel industry," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(4), pages 513-528, May.
    7. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    8. Katz, Michael L & Shapiro, Carl, 1986. "Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(4), pages 822-841, August.
    9. Tom Kuhlman & John Farrington, 2010. "What is Sustainability?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 2(11), pages 1-13, November.
    10. Feifei Xu & Jessika Weber & Dimitrios Buhalis, 2013. "Gamification in Tourism," Springer Books, in: Zheng Xiang & Iis Tussyadiah (ed.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014, edition 127, pages 525-537, Springer.
    11. Sheth, Jagdish N. & Newman, Bruce I. & Gross, Barbara L., 1991. "Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 159-170, March.
    12. DeConinck, James B., 2010. "The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support, and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 63(12), pages 1349-1355, December.
    13. Adina Letiţia Negruşa & Valentin Toader & Aurelian Sofică & Mihaela Filofteia Tutunea & Rozalia Veronica Rus, 2015. "Exploring Gamification Techniques and Applications for Sustainable Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-30, August.
    14. Xu, Feifei & Buhalis, Dimitrios & Weber, Jessika, 2017. "Serious games and the gamification of tourism," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 244-256.
    15. Marios Koufaris, 2002. "Applying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow Theory to Online Consumer Behavior," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 13(2), pages 205-223, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Byeong Cheol Lee, 2019. "The Effect of Gamification on Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes: Implications for Cruise Tourism Destinations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Aguiar-Castillo Lidia & Rufo-Torres Julio & De Saa-Pérez Petra & Perez-Jimenez Rafael, 2018. "How to Encourage Recycling Behaviour? The Case of WasteApp: A Gamified Mobile Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Moro, Sérgio & Ramos, Pedro & Esmerado, Joaquim & Jalali, Seyed Mohammad Jafar, 2019. "Can we trace back hotel online reviews’ characteristics using gamification features?," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 88-95.
    4. Mateusz Naramski, 2020. "The Application of ICT and Smart Technologies in Polish Museums—Towards Smart Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-27, November.
    5. Kai Zhang & Xuejiao Chen, 2022. "Research on the Influencing Mechanism via Which Security Perception of Personal Information Affects Tourist Happiness: A Moderated Mediation Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-23, November.
    6. Chen, Chia-Chen & Hsiao, Kuo-Lun & Li, Wan-Chen, 2020. "Exploring the determinants of usage continuance willingness for location-based apps: A case study of bicycle-based exercise apps," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    7. Chenkuo Pai & Sangguk Kang & Yumeng Liu & Yingchuan Zheng, 2021. "An Examination of Revisit Intention Based on Perceived Smart Tourism Technology Experience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    8. Lidia Aguiar-Castillo & Alberto Clavijo-Rodriguez & Petra De Saa-Perez & Rafael Perez-Jimenez, 2019. "Gamification as An Approach to Promote Tourist Recycling Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, April.
    9. Hun Kim & Byenghee Chang, 2020. "A Study on the Effects of Crowdfunding Values on the Intention to Visit Local Festivals: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Perceived Risk and e-WOM," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, April.
    10. Chen-Kuo Pai & Yumeng Liu & Sangguk Kang & Anna Dai, 2020. "The Role of Perceived Smart Tourism Technology Experience for Tourist Satisfaction, Happiness and Revisit Intention," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-14, August.
    11. Meena Kumari Pradhan & Jungjoo Oh & Hwansoo Lee, 2018. "Understanding Travelers’ Behavior for Sustainable Smart Tourism: A Technology Readiness Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, November.
    12. Chien-Ta Bruce Ho & Nathatenee Gebsombut, 2019. "Communication Factors Affecting Tourist Adoption of Social Network Sites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-13, August.
    13. Ana Slavec & Nežka Sajinčič & Vesna Starman, 2021. "Use of Smartphone Cameras and Other Applications While Traveling to Sustain Outdoor Cultural Heritage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
    14. Yuwen Zhang & Marios Sotiriadis & Shiwei Shen, 2022. "Investigating the Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on Tourists’ Experiences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    15. Taegoo Terry Kim & Osman M. Karatepe & Gyehee Lee & Hande Demiral, 2018. "Do Gender and Prior Experience Moderate the Factors Influencing Attitude toward Using Social Media for Festival Attendance?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aguiar-Castillo Lidia & Rufo-Torres Julio & De Saa-Pérez Petra & Perez-Jimenez Rafael, 2018. "How to Encourage Recycling Behaviour? The Case of WasteApp: A Gamified Mobile Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Mäntymäki, Matti & Salo, Jari, 2013. "Purchasing behavior in social virtual worlds: An examination of Habbo Hotel," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 282-290.
    3. Kamolsook, Apinya & Badir, Yuosre F. & Frank, Björn, 2019. "Consumers' switching to disruptive technology products: The roles of comparative economic value and technology type," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 328-340.
    4. Suzy Jagger & Haytham Siala & Diane Sloan, 2016. "It's All in the Game: A 3D Learning Model for Business Ethics," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 137(2), pages 383-403, August.
    5. Jumaan, Ibrahim A. & Hashim, Noor Hazarina & Al-Ghazali, Basheer M., 2020. "The role of cognitive absorption in predicting mobile internet users’ continuance intention: An extension of the expectation-confirmation model," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    6. Akkhaporn Kokkhangplu & Wanida Onlamai & Tananat Chokpreedapanich & Kraisak Phikul, 2023. "What Predicts Behavioral Intention in Eco-Friendly Hotels? The Roles of Tourist’s Perceived Value and Satisfaction: A Case Study of Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    7. Tu, Rungting & Hsieh, Peishan & Feng, Wenting, 2019. "Walking for fun or for “likes”? The impacts of different gamification orientations of fitness apps on consumers’ physical activities," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 682-693.
    8. Subhajit Bhattacharya & Vijeta Anand, 2021. "What Makes the Indian Youths to Engage with Online Retail Brands: An Empirical Study," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 22(6), pages 1507-1529, December.
    9. Heetae Yang & Hwansoo Lee, 2018. "Exploring user acceptance of streaming media devices: an extended perspective of flow theory," Information Systems and e-Business Management, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-27, February.
    10. Heetae Yang & Hwansoo Lee, 0. "Exploring user acceptance of streaming media devices: an extended perspective of flow theory," Information Systems and e-Business Management, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-27.
    11. Ana Slavec & Nežka Sajinčič & Vesna Starman, 2021. "Use of Smartphone Cameras and Other Applications While Traveling to Sustain Outdoor Cultural Heritage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, June.
    12. Debora Bettiga & Lucio Lamberti & Emanuele Lettieri, 2020. "Individuals’ adoption of smart technologies for preventive health care: a structural equation modeling approach," Health Care Management Science, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 203-214, June.
    13. Un-Kon Lee, 2021. "The Effect of Confirmation of Nation Brand Image in International Tourism Advertisement on Travel Intention of Foreign Tourists: The Case of Korean ITA for Chinese Tourists," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(1), pages 21582440209, January.
    14. Park, JungKun & Ahn, Jiseon & Thavisay, Toulany & Ren, Tianbao, 2019. "Examining the role of anxiety and social influence in multi-benefits of mobile payment service," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 140-149.
    15. Bilgihan, Anil & Barreda, Albert & Okumus, Fevzi & Nusair, Khaldoon, 2016. "Consumer perception of knowledge-sharing in travel-related Online Social Networks," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 287-296.
    16. Garima Malik & A. Sajeevan Rao, 2019. "Extended expectation-confirmation model to predict continued usage of ODR/ride hailing apps: role of perceived value and self-efficacy," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 461-482, December.
    17. Hajiheydari, Nastaran & Delgosha, Mohammad Soltani & Olya, Hossein, 2021. "Scepticism and resistance to IoMT in healthcare: Application of behavioural reasoning theory with configurational perspective," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    18. Muhammad Rizwan & Hamna Sultan & Sadia Parveen & Shumaila Nawaz & Samreen Sattar & Maryam Sana, 2013. "Determinants of Online Shopping and Moderating Role of Innovativeness and Perceived Risk," Asian Journal of Empirical Research, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(2), pages 142-159, February.
    19. Riffat Ara Zannat Tama & Md Mahmudul Hoque & Ying Liu & Mohammad Jahangir Alam & Mark Yu, 2023. "An Application of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to Examining Farmers’ Behavioral Attitude and Intention towards Conservation Agriculture in Bangladesh," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-22, February.
    20. Sara Moussawi & Marios Koufaris & Raquel Benbunan-Fich, 2021. "How perceptions of intelligence and anthropomorphism affect adoption of personal intelligent agents," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 31(2), pages 343-364, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:12:p:2162-:d:120135. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.