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Quantitative Determination of Potable Cold Water Consumption in German Hospitals

Author

Listed:
  • Alfonso González González

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy, and Materials Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06800 Mérida (Badajoz), Spain)

  • Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo

    (Department of Graphical Expression, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain)

  • David Rodríguez Salgado

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy, and Materials Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain)

Abstract

A hospital’s water installations are critical for its function, but the environmental cost is high. This study quantifies the mean potable cold water consumption (PCWC) in 19 hospitals belonging to the German Public Health System. The hospital floor area ranges from 3000 to 151,000 m 2 and the number of beds from 45 to 1003 beds. To this end, 60 Eco-Management and Audit Scheme statements were analyzed corresponding to the period 2005–2015 in accordance with their geographic location, heating-degree-days per year, cold-degree-days per year, hospital category depending on the number of beds, floor area, and number of workers. It was found that PCWC is greater in hospitals located in areas with greater heating-degree-days per year. The potential mean annual savings estimated were 8,600,000 m 3 of water equivalent to 15,000,000 euros, 4000 MWh energy, and 30,000 tons of CO 2 emissions. It was concluded that, to determine the mean annual water consumption, it is preferable to use the number of beds as reference indicator, and the value of the consumption as reference indicator was proposed as 103 m 3 per bed per year.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso González González & Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo & David Rodríguez Salgado, 2018. "Quantitative Determination of Potable Cold Water Consumption in German Hospitals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:932-:d:137676
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anna Magrini & Lucia Cattani & Marco Cartesegna & Lorenza Magnani, 2017. "Water Production from Air Conditioning Systems: Some Evaluations about a Sustainable Use of Resources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Justo Garcia-Sanz-Calcedo & Fernando Lopez-Rodriguez & Talal Yusaf & Awf Al-Kassir, 2017. "Analysis of the Average Annual Consumption of Water in the Hospitals of Extremadura (Spain)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-10, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Christin Seifert & Edeltraud Guenther, 2019. "Prevention is better than cure—Environmental management measures in hospitals," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(4), pages 781-790, July.
    2. Antonio Macías-García & Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo & Juan Pablo Carrasco-Amador & Raúl Segura-Cruz, 2019. "Adsorption of Paracetamol in Hospital Wastewater Through Activated Carbon Filters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Miguel Gómez-Chaparro & Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo & Luis Armenta Márquez, 2018. "Analytical Determination of Medical Gases Consumption and Their Impact on Hospital Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-17, August.

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