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Water Extraction from Air: A Proposal for a New Indicator to Compare Air Water Generators Efficiency

Author

Listed:
  • Lucia Cattani

    (Technical Office, SEAS SA, Société de l’Eau Aérienne Suisse, via dell’Industria 13/A, 6826 Riva San Vitale, Switzerland)

  • Anna Magrini

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Paolo Cattani

    (Freelancer Engineer and Developer, Via Piermarini 4/L, 26900 Lodi, Italy)

Abstract

Water extraction from air, based on reverse cycle systems, is becoming a technology more and more diffused and various models of air to water generators (AWG) are now available, all claiming the best efficiency. To date, there is not a standard indicator stating energy efficiency for AWGs, neither in the literature nor in technical practice. The only evaluation parameter, that can be found is a sort of specific energy consumption (SEC) without any clear indications about the involved calculation terms, definition of hypotheses, or environmental conditions. The current work is a first proposal of an indicator to standardise the AWG efficiency evaluation. The indicator is called WET (Water Energy Transformation); it states water production as a useful effect of an AWG machine and calculates its energy performance with an approach similar to COP (Coefficient of Performance) and EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) evaluation. The indicator is meant to be a normalised tool that permits comparing different AWG machines, but it is also the first part of a wider study, currently under development that is oriented to obtain a global index formulation that combines WET itself, EER and COP, and it is intended for a comprehensive evaluation of all the useful effects of a reverse cycle in integrated machines, in compliance with the current efficiency evaluation approach. The current paper presents the WET equation, with a discussion about involved terms, a set of normalised calculation conditions and some application examples, including a comparison with SEC.

Suggested Citation

  • Lucia Cattani & Anna Magrini & Paolo Cattani, 2021. "Water Extraction from Air: A Proposal for a New Indicator to Compare Air Water Generators Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:224-:d:474558
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hasila Jarimi & Richard Powell & Saffa Riffat, 0. "Review of sustainable methods for atmospheric water harvesting," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(2), pages 253-276.
    2. Anna Magrini & Lucia Cattani & Marco Cartesegna & Lorenza Magnani, 2017. "Water Production from Air Conditioning Systems: Some Evaluations about a Sustainable Use of Resources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-17, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lucia Cattani & Paolo Cattani & Anna Magrini, 2021. "Photovoltaic Cleaning Optimization: A Simplified Theoretical Approach for Air to Water Generator (AWG) System Employment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Lucia Cattani & Anna Magrini & Valentina Leoni, 2022. "Energy Performance of Water Generators from Gaseous Mixtures by Condensation: Climatic Datasets Choice," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-24, October.
    3. Lucia Cattani & Paolo Cattani & Anna Magrini & Roberto Figoni & Daniele Dondi & Dhanalakshmi Vadivel, 2023. "Suitability and Energy Sustainability of Atmospheric Water Generation Technology for Green Hydrogen Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.

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