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Performance-Based Evaluation of Courtyard Design in China’s Cold-Winter Hot-Summer Climate Regions

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaodong Xu

    (School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210018, China)

  • Fenlan Luo

    (Tus-Design Group Co., Ltd., 9 Xinghai Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215028, China)

  • Wei Wang

    (School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210018, China)

  • Tianzhen Hong

    (Building Technology and Urban Systems Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

  • Xiuzhang Fu

    (School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210018, China)

Abstract

A courtyard is a traditional and popular construction feature found in China’s urban buildings. This case study evaluates the performance of the traditional courtyard design of the Jiangnan Museum, located in Jiangsu Province. In the evaluation, the spatial layout of courtyards is adjusted, the aspect ratio is changed, and an ecological buffer space is created. To model and evaluate the performance of the courtyard design, this study applied the Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Parabolic Hyperbolic Or Elliptic Numerical Integration Code Series (PHOENICS), for wind environment simulation, and the EnergyPlus-based software, DesignBuilder, for energy simulation. Results show that a good combination of courtyard layout and aspect ratio can improve the use of natural ventilation by increasing free cooling during hot summers and reducing cold wind in winters. The results also show that ecological buffer areas of a courtyard can reduce cooling loads in summer by approximately 19.6% and heating loads in winter by approximately 22.3%. The study provides insights into the optimal design of a courtyard to maximize its benefit in regulating the microclimate during both winter and summer.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaodong Xu & Fenlan Luo & Wei Wang & Tianzhen Hong & Xiuzhang Fu, 2018. "Performance-Based Evaluation of Courtyard Design in China’s Cold-Winter Hot-Summer Climate Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:3950-:d:179267
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rajapaksha, I. & Nagai, H. & Okumiya, M., 2003. "A ventilated courtyard as a passive cooling strategy in the warm humid tropics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(11), pages 1755-1778.
    2. Cantón, María Alicia & Ganem, Carolina & Barea, Gustavo & Llano, Jorge Fernández, 2014. "Courtyards as a passive strategy in semi dry areas. Assessment of summer energy and thermal conditions in a refurbished school building," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 437-446.
    3. Al-Masri, Nada & Abu-Hijleh, Bassam, 2012. "Courtyard housing in midrise buildings: An environmental assessment in hot-arid climate," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 1892-1898.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Xiaodong Xu & Chenhuan Yin & Wei Wang & Ning Xu & Tianzhen Hong & Qi Li, 2019. "Revealing Urban Morphology and Outdoor Comfort through Genetic Algorithm-Driven Urban Block Design in Dry and Hot Regions of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-19, July.
    3. M'Saouri El Bat, Adnane & Romani, Zaid & Bozonnet, Emmanuel & Draoui, Abdeslam & Allard, Francis, 2023. "Optimizing urban courtyard form through the coupling of outdoor zonal approach and building energy modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    4. Tao Zhang & Qinian Hu & Qi Ding & Dian Zhou & Weijun Gao & Hiroatsu Fukuda, 2021. "Towards a Rural Revitalization Strategy for the Courtyard Layout of Vernacular Dwellings Based on Regional Adaptability and Outdoor Thermal Performance in the Gully Regions of the Loess Plateau, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-31, November.
    5. Xiaoyu Ying & Yanling Wang & Wenzhe Li & Ziqiao Liu & Grace Ding, 2020. "Group Layout Pattern and Outdoor Wind Environment of Enclosed Office Buildings in Hangzhou," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, January.
    6. Shimeng Hao & Changming Yu & Yuejia Xu & Yehao Song, 2019. "The Effects of Courtyards on the Thermal Performance of a Vernacular House in a Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Climate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-29, March.

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