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Parental Warmth and Parent Involvement: Their Relationships to Academic Achievement and Behavior Problems in School and Related Gender Effects

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  • Parminder Parmar

    (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State Scranton, Dunmore, PA 18512, USA)

  • Laura Nathans

    (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State Scranton, Dunmore, PA 18512, USA)

Abstract

Parent involvement and parental warmth have been extensively studied in the global literature. However, limited research has been conducted on parent involvement and parental warmth in India. This study examined parental warmth and parent involvement as predictors of academic achievement and behavior problems. Because behavior problems scores differed gender, gender differences om these relationships were explored. Study questions were framed in terms of Epstein’s theory of school, family, and community partnerships and Rohner’s parental acceptance-rejection theory. A sample of Indian seventh through tenth graders gave ratings of parental warmth and parent involvement. Their teachers gave ratings of academic achievement and behavior problems. Results showed that parental warmth and parent involvement were significant predictors of academic achievement and behavior problems for boys. Parental warmth was a significant predictor of academic achievement and behavior problems for girls. The results regarding parental warmth supported parental acceptance-rejection theory. Results suggested the need to increase the awareness of the importance of parent involvement for children in India and to continue to support parents in maintaining warm and accepting relationships with their children.

Suggested Citation

  • Parminder Parmar & Laura Nathans, 2022. "Parental Warmth and Parent Involvement: Their Relationships to Academic Achievement and Behavior Problems in School and Related Gender Effects," Societies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:12:y:2022:i:6:p:161-:d:973250
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jennifer Chen & Xiaodong Liu, 2012. "The Mediating Role of Perceived Parental Warmth and Parental Punishment in the Psychological Well-Being of Children in Rural China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 107(3), pages 483-508, July.
    2. Barman, Papai & Sahoo, Harihar, 2021. "Sex preference in India: Trends, patterns and determinants," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    3. Paola Bully & Joana Jaureguizar & Elena Bernaras & Iratxe Redondo, 2019. "Relationship between Parental Socialization, Emotional Symptoms, and Academic Performance during Adolescence: The Influence of Parents’ and Teenagers’ Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-13, June.
    4. Mary Tien Wei Leung Ling & Hui Fang Chen & Kace Chun Ning Chiu, 2020. "Parental Warmth and Involvement and the Self-Esteem of Young People in Hong Kong," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 13(3), pages 801-817, June.
    5. Lee, Shawna J. & Pace, Garrett T. & Lee, Joyce Y. & Knauer, Heather, 2018. "The association of fathers' parental warmth and parenting stress to child behavior problems," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1-10.
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    1. Qin, Ke-Nan & Gan, Xiong, 2024. "Parental emotional warmth and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: The mediating effect of bullying involvement and moderating effect of the dark triad," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).

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