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The Impact of Plant Variety Protection Regulations on the Governance of Agri-Food Value Chains

Author

Listed:
  • Antonella Di Fonzo

    (Department of Economics and Law, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy)

  • Vanessa Nardone

    (Department of Economics and Law, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy)

  • Negin Fathinejad

    (Department of Economics and Law, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy)

  • Carlo Russo

    (Department of Economics and Law, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy)

Abstract

More than 25 years after the 1991 reform of the Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV) treaty, the regulation of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) is still controversial. While the incentives to private innovations are unquestionable, concerns have been raised about farmers’ access to resources, the weakening of their bargaining power, their entrepreneurial freedom, and ultimately their welfare. Our paper investigates the effect of PVP regulation on the governance of agri-food value chains (AFVC) with a small-scale survey of kiwi producers in Italy. We found that AFVC trading-protected (club) plant varieties are more likely to exhibit captive governance forms than those trading the free varieties. Nevertheless, the producers of club kiwis achieve higher returns from their investments and bear less risk than others. Because of the high demand for the club fruits, the breeders must give farmers highly profitable contract terms in order to elicit the production and to promote the adoption of the new cultivar. As a consequence, farmers are capturing a share of the value of innovation, even if the breeders have a strong protection. The long-run sustainability of this win-win agreement between breeders and farmers might be jeopardized should the demand for the new varieties fall.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonella Di Fonzo & Vanessa Nardone & Negin Fathinejad & Carlo Russo, 2019. "The Impact of Plant Variety Protection Regulations on the Governance of Agri-Food Value Chains," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:91-:d:212728
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    4. Raustiala, Kal & Victor, David G., 2004. "The Regime Complex for Plant Genetic Resources," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 58(2), pages 277-309, April.
    5. Tripp, Robert & Louwaars, Niels & Eaton, Derek, 2007. "Plant variety protection in developing countries. A report from the field," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 354-371, June.
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