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Peer Effects of the Same and Different Religions on Faithfulness: A Comparison between Indonesia and India

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Zilal Hamzah

    (Faculty of Business and Economics, Trisakti University, Jalan Kyai Tapa No.1 Grogol, Jakarta Barat 11440, Indonesia)

  • Yukichika Kawata

    (Faculty of Economics, Kindai University, 4-1 Kowakae 3-chome, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan)

  • Syed Ahmed Salman

    (Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Lincoln University College, Wisma Lincoln, No. 12-18, Jalan SS 6/12, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia)

  • Eleonora Sofilda

    (Faculty of Business and Economics, Trisakti University, Jalan Kyai Tapa No.1 Grogol, Jakarta Barat 11440, Indonesia)

Abstract

By employing questionnaire surveys to empirically examine peer effects on religious faithfulness, this study mainly compares Muslims in Indonesia and India as examples. This study uses religious restrictions on foods as the main component of the questionnaire. A total of two variables were selected to examine peer effects: (1) the percentage of respondents’ close friends who follow a different religion and (2) the percentage of people in the respondents’ city who follow the same faith. Ordinary least squares/generalized least squares regression was conducted, and six models were estimated. The results reveal that Indian/Indonesian respondents are more affected by those who follow the same/different religions, respectively, suggesting that relatively smaller groups have larger peer effects on religious faithfulness. Although further investigations are required, these symmetric results may be attributed to the fact that tensions among people from different religions are high/low, and that the percentage of people who follow a different faith in the respondents’ city is high/low in India and Indonesia, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Zilal Hamzah & Yukichika Kawata & Syed Ahmed Salman & Eleonora Sofilda, 2022. "Peer Effects of the Same and Different Religions on Faithfulness: A Comparison between Indonesia and India," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:11:y:2022:i:5:p:220-:d:818441
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anirban Mitra & Debraj Ray, 2014. "Implications of an Economic Theory of Conflict: Hindu-Muslim Violence in India," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 122(4), pages 719-765.
    2. Nur Wening & Achmad Choerudin, 2015. "The Influence Of Religiosity Towards Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction And Personal Performance," Polish Journal of Management Studies, Czestochowa Technical University, Department of Management, vol. 11(2), pages 181-191, June.
    3. Selamah Abdullah Yusof & Mohammad Arif Budiman & Ruzita Mohammad Amin, 2018. "Relationship between Religiosity and Individual Economic Achievement: Evidence from South Kalimantan, Indonesia العلاقة بين التدين والإنجاز الاقتصادي للأفراد: أدلة من جنوب كاليمانتان، إندونيسيا," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 31(2), pages 3-16, July.
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