IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v11y2023i1p21-d1034151.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Valuation of Equity-Linked Death Benefits on Two Lives with Dependence

Author

Listed:
  • Kokou Essiomle

    (School of Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa)

  • Franck Adékambi

    (School of Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa)

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate equity-linked death benefits for joint alive and last survivor individuals. Utilizing Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern (FGM) type dependency modeling framework, we first analyze the joint distribution of the couple (joint alive and last survival density) when marginal distributions follow mixed exponentials and weighted exponentials distributions. Then, we derive the price of the guaranteed minimum death benefit (GMDB) product. In addition, we provide closed analytical expressions of the price of some financial contingent claim contracts (classical and exotic options). Furthermore, we present some numerical results to support our theoretical results. We show in our numerical example that it is important to model the dependency between two lives (couple) since the price changes as the copula parameter changes.

Suggested Citation

  • Kokou Essiomle & Franck Adékambi, 2023. "Valuation of Equity-Linked Death Benefits on Two Lives with Dependence," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-26, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:11:y:2023:i:1:p:21-:d:1034151
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/11/1/21/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/11/1/21/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peter Buchen & Otto Konstandatos, 2005. "A New Method Of Pricing Lookback Options," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 245-259, April.
    2. Vadim Linetsky, 2004. "Lookback options and diffusion hitting times: A spectral expansion approach," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 373-398, August.
    3. Wang, Yayun & Zhang, Zhimin & Yu, Wenguang, 2021. "Pricing equity-linked death benefits by complex Fourier series expansion in a regime-switching jump diffusion model," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 399(C).
    4. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2013. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits in jump diffusion models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 615-623.
    5. Dhaene, Jan & Stassen, Ben & Barigou, Karim & Linders, Daniël & Chen, Ze, 2017. "Fair valuation of insurance liabilities: Merging actuarial judgement and market-consistency," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 14-27.
    6. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2012. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits and other contingent options: A discounted density approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 73-92.
    7. Hans Gerber & Elias Shiu, 2003. "Pricing Lookback Options and Dynamic Guarantees," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 48-66.
    8. Kirkby, J. Lars & Nguyen, Duy, 2021. "Equity-linked Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits with dollar cost averaging," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 408-428.
    9. Daniel Dufresne, 2007. "Stochastic Life Annuities," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 136-157.
    10. Pavel V. Shevchenko & Xiaolin Luo, 2016. "A unified pricing of variable annuity guarantees under the optimal stochastic control framework," Papers 1605.00339, arXiv.org.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Deelstra, Griselda & Hieber, Peter, 2023. "Randomization and the valuation of guaranteed minimum death benefits," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 309(3), pages 1218-1236.
    2. Kirkby, J. Lars & Nguyen, Duy, 2021. "Equity-linked Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits with dollar cost averaging," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 408-428.
    3. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2015. "Geometric stopping of a random walk and its applications to valuing equity-linked death benefits," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 313-325.
    4. Wenguang Yu & Yaodi Yong & Guofeng Guan & Yujuan Huang & Wen Su & Chaoran Cui, 2019. "Valuing Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits by Cosine Series Expansion," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Lee, David, 2023. "An Analytic Solution for Valuing Guaranteed Equity Securities," MPRA Paper 117775, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Zhou, Jiang & Wu, Lan, 2015. "The time of deducting fees for variable annuities under the state-dependent fee structure," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 125-134.
    7. Liang, Xiaoqing & Tsai, Cary Chi-Liang & Lu, Yi, 2016. "Valuing guaranteed equity-linked contracts under piecewise constant forces of mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 150-161.
    8. Gan, Guojun & Lin, X. Sheldon, 2015. "Valuation of large variable annuity portfolios under nested simulation: A functional data approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 138-150.
    9. Gan Guojun & Valdez Emiliano A., 2017. "Valuation of large variable annuity portfolios: Monte Carlo simulation and synthetic datasets," Dependence Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 5(1), pages 354-374, December.
    10. Lee, Hangsuck & Ha, Hongjun & Lee, Minha, 2023. "Partial quanto lookback options," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    11. David Xiao, 2023. "Valuation of Equity Linked Securities with Guaranteed Return," Papers 2306.15026, arXiv.org.
    12. Tahir Choulli & Catherine Daveloose & Michèle Vanmaele, 2021. "Mortality/Longevity Risk-Minimization with or without Securitization," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(14), pages 1-27, July.
    13. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2013. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits in jump diffusion models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 615-623.
    14. Lee, Hangsuck & Ha, Hongjun & Kim, Eunchae & Lee, Minha, 2024. "Quanto fund protection using partial lookback participation," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    15. Zhou, Jiang & Wu, Lan, 2015. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits with a threshold expense strategy," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 79-90.
    16. Zhang, Zhimin & Zhong, Wei, 2024. "Efficient valuation of guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits in regime switching jump diffusion models with lapse risk," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 478(C).
    17. Lee, Hangsuck & Kim, Eunchae & Ko, Bangwon, 2022. "Valuing lookback options with barrier," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    18. Søren Asmussen & Patrick J. Laub & Hailiang Yang, 2019. "Phase-Type Models in Life Insurance: Fitting and Valuation of Equity-Linked Benefits," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, February.
    19. Ulm, Eric, 2020. "Analytic Valuation of GMDB Options with Utility Based Asset Allocation," Working Paper Series 21060, Victoria University of Wellington, School of Economics and Finance.
    20. Gan, Guojun, 2013. "Application of data clustering and machine learning in variable annuity valuation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 795-801.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:11:y:2023:i:1:p:21-:d:1034151. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.