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The Potential Phosphorus Crisis: Resource Conservation and Possible Escape Technologies: A Review

Author

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  • Saba Daneshgar

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 PAVIA, Italy)

  • Arianna Callegari

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 PAVIA, Italy)

  • Andrea G. Capodaglio

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 PAVIA, Italy)

  • David Vaccari

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA)

Abstract

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for every organism on the Earth, yet it is also a potential environmental pollutant, which may cause eutrophication of water bodies. Wastewater treatment plants worldwide are struggling to eliminate phosphorus from effluents, at great cost, yet current research suggests that the world may deplete the more available phosphorus reserves by around 2300. This, in addition to environmental concerns, evokes the need for new phosphorus recovery techniques to be developed, to meet future generations needs for renewable phosphorus supply. Many studies have been, and are, carried out on phosphorus recovery from wastewater and its sludge, due to their high phosphorus content. Chemical precipitation is the main process for achieving a phosphorus-containing mineral suitable for reuse as a fertilizer, such as struvite. This paper reviews the current status and future trends of phosphorus production and consumption, and summarizes current recovery technologies, discussing their possible integration into wastewater treatment processes, according to a more sustainable water-energy-nutrient nexus.

Suggested Citation

  • Saba Daneshgar & Arianna Callegari & Andrea G. Capodaglio & David Vaccari, 2018. "The Potential Phosphorus Crisis: Resource Conservation and Possible Escape Technologies: A Review," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:37-:d:150282
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cooper, James & Lombardi, Rachel & Boardman, David & Carliell-Marquet, Cynthia, 2011. "The future distribution and production of global phosphate rock reserves," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 78-86.
    2. Walan, Petter & Davidsson, Simon & Johansson, Sheshti & Höök, Mikael, 2014. "Phosphate rock production and depletion: Regional disaggregated modeling and global implications," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 178-187.
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    1. Leticia Regueiro & Richard Newton & Mohamed Soula & Diego Méndez & Björn Kok & David C. Little & Roberto Pastres & Johan Johansen & Martiña Ferreira, 2022. "Opportunities and limitations for the introduction of circular economy principles in EU aquaculture based on the regulatory framework," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(6), pages 2033-2044, December.
    2. Viola Somogyi & Viktória Pitás & Kinga M. Berta & Róbert Kurdi, 2022. "Red Mud as Adsorbent to Recover Phosphorous from Wastewater Streams," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Jinzhu Wu & Yifan Li & Baojian Xu & Mei Li & Jing Wang & Yuanyuan Shao & Feiyong Chen & Meng Sun & Bing Liu, 2022. "Effects of Physicochemical Parameters on Struvite Crystallization Based on Kinetics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Dae Wook Kim & Sung Il Yu & Kyuyong Im & Juhee Shin & Seung Gu Shin, 2022. "Responses of Coagulant Type, Dosage and Process Conditions to Phosphate Removal Efficiency from Anaerobic Sludge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-9, February.
    5. Saba Daneshgar & Armando Buttafava & Arianna Callegari & Andrea G. Capodaglio, 2018. "Simulations and Laboratory Tests for Assessing Phosphorus Recovery Efficiency from Sewage Sludge," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-14, August.
    6. Xiaoqi Liu & Jialong Lv, 2023. "Efficient Phosphate Removal from Wastewater by Ca-Laden Biochar Composites Prepared from Eggshell and Peanut Shells: A Comparison of Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, January.
    7. Joanna Rodziewicz & Artur Mielcarek & Wojciech Janczukowicz & Jorge Manuel Rodrigues Tavares & Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski, 2023. "Characteristics of Sludge from the Treatment of Soilless Plant Cultivation Wastewater in a Rotating Electrobiological Disc Contactor (REBDC)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, January.
    8. N. Evelin Paucar & Chikashi Sato, 2022. "An Overview of Microbial Fuel Cells within Constructed Wetland for Simultaneous Nutrient Removal and Power Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-30, September.
    9. Kati Martikainen & Anna-Maria Veijalainen & Eila Torvinen & Helvi Heinonen-Tanski, 2023. "Treatment of Domestic Wastewater in Small-Scale Sand Filters Fortified with Gypsum, Biotite, and Peat," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, January.
    10. Leandro Israel da Silva & Marlon Correa Pereira & André Mundstock Xavier de Carvalho & Victor Hugo Buttrós & Moacir Pasqual & Joyce Dória, 2023. "Phosphorus-Solubilizing Microorganisms: A Key to Sustainable Agriculture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-30, February.
    11. Saba Daneshgar & Armando Buttafava & Doretta Capsoni & Arianna Callegari & Andrea G. Capodaglio, 2018. "Impact of pH and Ionic Molar Ratios on Phosphorous Forms Precipitation and Recovery from Different Wastewater Sludges," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-22, November.
    12. Cora Eichholz & Matthias Barjenbruch & Claus-Gerhard Bannick & Peter Hartwig, 2023. "A Study on the Situation and Learnings of the Precipitant Shortage in the German Wastewater Sector," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.

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