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Modelling of Burnt Pine Heartwood Acid-Catalysed Liquefaction

Author

Listed:
  • Sila Ozkan

    (CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Diogo Gonçalves

    (CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Ivo Paulo

    (CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Carla S. G. P. Queirós

    (CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Ana Carvalho

    (Centre for Management Studies (CEG-IST), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Jaime Puna

    (CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • João Gomes

    (CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
    Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • João Bordado

    (CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Rui Galhano dos Santos

    (CERENA—Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

This study focused on bio-oil production by thermochemical liquefaction. For the reaction, the burnt pine heartwood was used as feedstock material, 2-Ethylhexanol (2-EHEX) was used as a solvent, p -Toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) was used as a catalyst, and the solvent for washing was acetone. The procedure consisted of a moderate-acid-catalysed liquefaction process, and it was applied at three different temperatures, 120, 140, and 160 °C, and at 30, 105, and 180 min periods with 1%, 5.5%, and 10% (m/m) catalyst concentration of overall mass. Optimal results showed a bio-oil yield of 86.03% and a higher heating value (HHV) of 36.41 MJ/kg, which was 1.96 times more than the HHV of the burnt pine heartwood. A reaction surface methodology (Box–Behnken design) was performed for the liquefaction reaction optimisation. Reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst concentration were chosen as independent variables. The obtained model showed good results with a high adjusted R-squared (0.988) and an excellent p -value (less than 0.001). The liquefied products were characterised by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and also Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to validate the impact of the morphological changes on the surface area of the solid samples. This study shows an excellent opportunity to validate a method to upcycle woody wastes via acid-catalysed liquefaction. In particular, this approach is of great interest to produce bio-oil with a good yield, recovering part of the values lost during wildfires.

Suggested Citation

  • Sila Ozkan & Diogo Gonçalves & Ivo Paulo & Carla S. G. P. Queirós & Ana Carvalho & Jaime Puna & João Gomes & João Bordado & Rui Galhano dos Santos, 2023. "Modelling of Burnt Pine Heartwood Acid-Catalysed Liquefaction," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:11-:d:1027984
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Kim, Seok Jun & Park, Sun Yong & Oh, Kwang Cheol & Cho, La hoon & Jeon, Young Kwang & Kim, Dae Hyun, 2023. "Improvement of fuel characteristics for forest by-products applied surface torrefaction process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    3. Lin, Pengmusen & Yu, Xinyu & Wang, Han & Ming, Hui & Ge, Shengbo & Liu, Fang & Peng, Haowei & Sonne, Christian & Zhang, Libo, 2023. "Life cycle assessment of bio-oil prepared from low-temperature hydrothermal oxide-catalyzed cotton stalk," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
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