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Mixed Convection Stagnation Point Flow of a Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Permeable Flat Plate with Radiation Effect

Author

Listed:
  • Siti Nur Alwani Salleh

    (Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Sungai Petani Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA Kedah, Merbok 08400, Malaysia)

  • Norfifah Bachok

    (Department of Mathematics and Statistics & Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Ioan Pop

    (Department of Mathematics, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

This article focuses on the stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid towards a flat plate. The cases when the buoyancy forces and the flow are in the opposite direction and the same direction are discussed. The effect of radiation and suction is also taken into account. The similarity transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are computed numerically via the bvp4c function in MATLAB software. A comparison with the previously published articles is carried out, where an outstanding agreement is observed. The dual solutions exist in the case of opposing flow ( λ < 0 ) and the suction parameter S > 0.6688 . Meanwhile, only unique solutions exist in the case of assisting flow ( λ > 0 ) . The existence of dual solutions leads to stability analysis. From the analysis, the first solution is confirmed as a stable solution. Furthermore, the heat transmission rate increases, while the skin friction coefficient decreases as the radiation rate increases. An increase in the radiation rate from 0 (no radiation) to 1.0 increases the heat transmission rate by 5.01 % for water, 4.96 % for nanofluid, and 4.80 % for hybrid nanofluid. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the present study yields new and original results. This study has also not been done by other researchers, indicating its novelty.

Suggested Citation

  • Siti Nur Alwani Salleh & Norfifah Bachok & Ioan Pop, 2021. "Mixed Convection Stagnation Point Flow of a Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Permeable Flat Plate with Radiation Effect," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(21), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:21:p:2681-:d:662339
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dhinesh Kumar, D. & Valan Arasu, A., 2018. "A comprehensive review of preparation, characterization, properties and stability of hybrid nanofluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1669-1689.
    2. Sarkar, Jahar & Ghosh, Pradyumna & Adil, Arjumand, 2015. "A review on hybrid nanofluids: Recent research, development and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 164-177.
    3. Akilu, Suleiman & Sharma, K.V. & Baheta, Aklilu Tesfamichael & Mamat, Rizalman, 2016. "A review of thermophysical properties of water based composite nanofluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 654-678.
    4. Ranga Babu, J.A. & Kumar, K. Kiran & Srinivasa Rao, S., 2017. "State-of-art review on hybrid nanofluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 551-565.
    5. Sundar, L. Syam & Sharma, K.V. & Singh, Manoj K. & Sousa, A.C.M., 2017. "Hybrid nanofluids preparation, thermal properties, heat transfer and friction factor – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 185-198.
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