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Impact of Employing Hybrid Nanofluids as Heat Carrier Fluid on the Thermal Performance of a Borehole Heat Exchanger

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  • Hossein Javadi

    (Information and Communication Technologies versus Climate Change (ICTvsCC), Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Javier F. Urchueguia

    (Information and Communication Technologies versus Climate Change (ICTvsCC), Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

  • Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi

    (Department of Energy Conversion, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148-71167, Iran)

  • Borja Badenes

    (Information and Communication Technologies versus Climate Change (ICTvsCC), Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

In this numerical study, 4 types of hybrid nanofluid, including Ag-MgO/water, TiO 2 -Cu/water, Al 2 O 3 -CuO/water, and Fe 3 O 4 -multi-wall carbon nanotube/water, have been considered potential working fluid in a single U-tube borehole heat exchanger. The selected hybrid nanofluid is then analyzed by changing the volume fraction and the Reynolds number. Based on the numerical results, Ag-MgO/water hybrid nanofluid is chosen as the most favorable heat carrier fluid, among others, considering its superior effectiveness, minor pressure drop, and appropriate thermal resistance compared to the pure water. Moreover, it was indicated that all cases of Ag-MgO/water hybrid nanofluid at various volume fractions (from 0.05 to 0.20) and Reynolds numbers (from 3200 to 6200) could achieve better effectiveness and lower thermal resistances, but higher pressure drops compared to the corresponding cases of pure water. Nevertheless, all the evaluated hybrid nanofluids present lower coefficient of performance (COP)-improvement than unity which means that applying them as working fluid is not economically viable because of having higher pressure drop than the heat transfer enhancement.

Suggested Citation

  • Hossein Javadi & Javier F. Urchueguia & Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi & Borja Badenes, 2021. "Impact of Employing Hybrid Nanofluids as Heat Carrier Fluid on the Thermal Performance of a Borehole Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:10:p:2892-:d:556361
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    References listed on IDEAS

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