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Pedestrian Dynamic Thermal Comfort Analysis to Optimize Using Trees in Various Urban Morphologies: A Case Study of Cairo City

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  • Ahmed Yasser Abdelmejeed

    (Research Group Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning (LLP), Department of Spatial Planning, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
    Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt)

  • Dietwald Gruehn

    (Research Group Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning (LLP), Department of Spatial Planning, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany)

Abstract

Considering the impacts of climate change on the goal of obtaining sustainable and healthier cities, this research aimed to analyze and assess the impact of different urban forms with different trees densities on the dynamic physiological equivalent temperature (DPET) for pedestrians while walking further than the average walking distance (750 m) using ENVI-met. This study included five different areas within Greater Cairo, which is suffering from extreme heat stress. The selected study areas had lots of urban variety in terms of the canyons’ aspect ratios, orientations, urban form, green areas, mixed uses, and tree densities. Two tree scenarios were analyzed: the current tree density situation and a scenario where the tree density of each study area was increased to its capacity. The results proved that the DPET had different values than the steady physiological equivalent temperature (SPET) at each point within the walking routes. However, the DPET was closely related to changes in the SPET. Keeping the SPET lower or higher for a long time reduced or increased the DPET, and frequent changes (up and down) in the SPET kept the DPET stable. Changes between DPET values were driven more by the microclimate conditions of a space or canyon than the conditions of the overall area, and controlling the microclimate conditions of a whole urban canyon controlled the DPET. Changes in the DPET could reach as high as 10 °C between different walking routes, and increasing the tree density could help lower the DPET by as much as 6 °C in some cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Yasser Abdelmejeed & Dietwald Gruehn, 2024. "Pedestrian Dynamic Thermal Comfort Analysis to Optimize Using Trees in Various Urban Morphologies: A Case Study of Cairo City," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-36, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:1489-:d:1478025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gabriele Lobaccaro & Juan Angel Acero & Gerardo Sanchez Martinez & Ales Padro & Txomin Laburu & German Fernandez, 2019. "Effects of Orientations, Aspect Ratios, Pavement Materials and Vegetation Elements on Thermal Stress inside Typical Urban Canyons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-29, September.
    2. Andreou, E., 2013. "Thermal comfort in outdoor spaces and urban canyon microclimate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 182-188.
    3. Rehab Osman & Emanuele Ferrari & Scott McDonald, 2016. "Water Scarcity and Irrigation Efficiency in Egypt," Water Economics and Policy (WEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 2(04), pages 1-28, December.
    4. Wesam M. Elbardisy & Mohamed A. Salheen & Mohammed Fahmy, 2021. "Solar Irradiance Reduction Using Optimized Green Infrastructure in Arid Hot Regions: A Case Study in El-Nozha District, Cairo, Egypt," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-32, August.
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