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Season of Birth and Risk for Adult Onset Glioma

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  • Jimmy T. Efird

    (Center for Health of Vulnerable Populations, Office of the Dean, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, 237A McIver Building, Administrative Drive, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA)

Abstract

Adult onset glioma is a rare cancer which occurs more frequently in Caucasians than African Americans, and in men than women. The etiology of this disease is largely unknown. Exposure to ionizing radiation is the only well established environmental risk factor, and this factor explains only a small percentage of cases. Several recent studies have reported an association between season of birth and glioma risk. This paper reviews the plausibility of evidence focusing on the seasonal interrelation of farming, allergies, viruses, vitamin D, diet, birth weight, and handedness. To date, a convincing explanation for the occurrence of adult gliomas decades after a seasonal exposure at birth remains elusive.

Suggested Citation

  • Jimmy T. Efird, 2010. "Season of Birth and Risk for Adult Onset Glioma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-24, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:7:y:2010:i:5:p:1913-1936:d:8127
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fenske, R.A. & Black, K.G. & Elkner, K.P. & Lee, C.-L. & Methner, M.M. & Soto, R., 1990. "Potential exposure and health risks of infants following indoor residential pesticide applications," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 80(6), pages 689-693.
    2. Kasey S. Buckles & Daniel M. Hungerman, 2013. "Season of Birth and Later Outcomes: Old Questions, New Answers," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 95(3), pages 711-724, July.
    3. Jimmy Thomas Efird & Susan Searles Nielsen, 2008. "A Method to Model Season of Birth as a Surrogate Environmental Risk Factor for Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-5, March.
    4. Brownson, R.C. & Reif, J.S. & Chang, J.C. & Davis, J.R., 1990. "An analysis of occupational risks for brain cancer," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 80(2), pages 169-172.
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