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Contribution of Solar Radiation and Pollution to Parkinson’s Disease

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  • Isabella Karakis

    (Environmental Epidemiology Division, Israel Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9446724, Israel
    Negev Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 651, Israel
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 653, Israel)

  • Shaked Yarza

    (Negev Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 651, Israel
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 653, Israel)

  • Yair Zlotnik

    (Neurology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 651, Israel)

  • Gal Ifergane

    (Neurology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 651, Israel)

  • Itai Kloog

    (Negev Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 651, Israel
    Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 653, Israel)

  • Kineret Grant-Sasson

    (Negev Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 651, Israel
    Soroka Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 651, Israel)

  • Lena Novack

    (Negev Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 651, Israel
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva P.O. Box 653, Israel)

Abstract

Background . Parkinson’s disease (PD) is believed to develop from epigenetic modulation of gene expression through environmental factors that accounts for up to 85% of all PD cases. The main objective of this study was to examine the association between PD onset and a cumulative exposure to potentially modifiable ambient exposures. Methods . The study population comprised 3343 incident PD cases and 31,324 non-PD controls in Southern Israel. The exposures were determined based on the monitoring stations and averaged per year. Their association with PD was modeled using a distributed lag non-linear model and presented as an effect of exposure to the 75th percentile as compared to the 50th percentile of each pollutant, accumulated over the span of 5 years prior to the PD. Results . We recorded an adverse effect of particulate matter of size ≤10 μm in diameter (PM 10 ) and solar radiation (SR) with odds ratio (OR) = 1.06 (95%CI: 1.02; 1.10) and 1.23 (95%CI: 1.08; 1.39), respectively. Ozone (O 3 ) was also adversely linked to PD, although with a borderline significance, OR: 1.12 (95%CI: 0.99; 1.25). Immigrants arriving in Israel after 1989 appeared to be more vulnerable to exposure to O 3 and SR. The dose response effect of SR, non-existent for Israeli-born (OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.40; 1.13), moderate for immigrants before 1989 (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 0.98; 1.40) and relatively high for new immigrants (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.25; 2.38) indicates an adaptation ability to SR. Conclusions . Our findings supported previous reports on adverse association of PD with exposure to PM 10 and O 3 . Additionally, we revealed a link of Parkinson’s Disease with SR that warrants an extensive analysis by research groups worldwide.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabella Karakis & Shaked Yarza & Yair Zlotnik & Gal Ifergane & Itai Kloog & Kineret Grant-Sasson & Lena Novack, 2023. "Contribution of Solar Radiation and Pollution to Parkinson’s Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2254-:d:1047897
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gasparrini, Antonio, 2011. "Distributed Lag Linear and Non-Linear Models in R: The Package dlnm," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 43(i08).
    2. Lars-Gunnar Gunnarsson & Lennart Bodin, 2019. "Occupational Exposures and Neurodegenerative Diseases—A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, January.
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