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Open Questions on the Electromagnetic Field Contribution to the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Author

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  • Joanna Wyszkowska

    (Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland)

  • Colin Pritchard

    (Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth Gateway, 106 St. Pauls Rd, Bournemouth BH88AJ, UK)

Abstract

This work presents the current state of knowledge about the possible contributory influence of the electromagnetic field on the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Up-to-date literature indicates both favourable and adverse effects of electromagnetic exposure on human health, making it difficult to come to valid and unambiguous conclusions. The epidemiological data analysis from the World Health Organization statistics shows a substantial rise in neurological mortality compared with rises in total populations in developed countries over a mere 15-year period. The largest of the analysed countries produced odds ratios of >100%. The contribution of electromagnetic exposure to the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is still undoubtedly open to discussion, and it requires further in-depth research to assess the action mechanism of electromagnetic fields in neurodegenerative diseases. The limitations of research published hitherto and the problem of drawing unequivocal conclusions are also in focus.

Suggested Citation

  • Joanna Wyszkowska & Colin Pritchard, 2022. "Open Questions on the Electromagnetic Field Contribution to the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:16150-:d:991745
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hongjie Zhou & Guangdi Chen & Chunjing Chen & Yunxian Yu & Zhengping Xu, 2012. "Association between Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Occupations and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(11), pages 1-7, November.
    2. C. F. Hazlewood & Marko Markov, 2009. "Trigger points and systemic effect for EMF therapy," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 232-239, June.
    3. Kerstin Hug & Martin Röösli & Regula Rapp, 2006. "Magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative diseases – recent epidemiological studies," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 51(4), pages 210-220, July.
    4. Lars-Gunnar Gunnarsson & Lennart Bodin, 2019. "Occupational Exposures and Neurodegenerative Diseases—A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, January.
    5. Cheng Zhang & Yue Li & Chao Wang & Ruili Lv & Tao Song, 2013. "Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Exposure Appears to Have No Effect on Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease in Aluminum-Overloaded Rat," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(8), pages 1-8, August.
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