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Emission Characteristics of NO x and SO 2 during the Combustion of Antibiotic Mycelial Residue

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  • Yaxin Ge

    (School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
    School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Guangyi Zhang

    (School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
    Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

  • Jianling Zhang

    (Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

  • Wennan Zhang

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden)

  • Lijie Cui

    (School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract

The antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR) generated from cephalosporin C production is a hazardous organic waste, which is usually disposed of by landfilling that causes potential secondary environmental pollution. AMR combustion can be an effective method to treat AMR. In order to develop clean combustion technologies for safe disposal and energy recovery from various AMRs, the emission characteristics of NO x and SO 2 from AMR combustion were studied experimentally in this work. It was found that the fuel-N is constituted by 85% protein nitrogen and 15% inorganic nitrogen, and the fuel-S by 78% inorganic sulfur and 22% organic sulfur. Nitrogen oxide emissions mainly occur at the volatile combustion stage when the temperature rises to 400 °C, while the primary sulfur oxide emission appears at the char combustion stage above 400 °C. Increasing the combustion temperature and airflow cause higher NO x emissions. High moisture content in AMR can significantly reduce the NO x emission by lowering the combustion temperature and generating more reducing gases such as CO. For the SO 2 emission, the combustion temperature (700 to 900 °C), airflow and AMR water content do not seem to exhibit obvious effects. The presence of CaO significantly inhibits SO 2 emission, especially for the SO 2 produced during the AMR char combustion because of the good control effect on the direct emission of inorganic SO 2 . Employing air/fuel staging technologies in combination with in-situ desulfurization by calcium oxide/salts added in the combustor with operation temperatures lower than 900 °C should be a potential technology for the clean disposal of AMRs.

Suggested Citation

  • Yaxin Ge & Guangyi Zhang & Jianling Zhang & Wennan Zhang & Lijie Cui, 2022. "Emission Characteristics of NO x and SO 2 during the Combustion of Antibiotic Mycelial Residue," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1581-:d:738605
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Yuan & Lin, Weigang & Wu, Hao & Jensen, Peter Arendt & Song, Wenli & Du, Lin & Li, Songgeng, 2021. "Steam gasification of char derived from penicillin mycelial dreg and lignocellulosic biomass: Influence of P, K and Ca on char reactivity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    2. Qi, Jianhui & Han, Kuihua & Wang, Qian & Gao, Jie, 2017. "Carbonization of biomass: Effect of additives on alkali metals residue, SO2 and NO emission of chars during combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 560-569.
    3. Zhao, Bingtao & Su, Yaxin & Liu, Dunyu & Zhang, Hang & Liu, Wang & Cui, Guomin, 2016. "SO2/NOx emissions and ash formation from algae biomass combustion: Process characteristics and mechanisms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 821-830.
    4. Wang, Chang’an & Zhou, Lei & Fan, Gaofeng & Yuan, Maobo & Zhao, Lei & Tang, Guantao & Liu, Chengchang & Che, Defu, 2021. "Experimental study on ash morphology, fusibility, and mineral transformation during co-combustion of antibiotic filter residue and biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
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