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Does Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Perceived Negative Health in the Smoking Population?

Author

Listed:
  • Ángel Denche-Zamorano

    (Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • David Manuel Mendoza-Muñoz

    (Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Damián Pereira-Payo

    (Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Manuel J. Ruiz

    (Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Department of Psychology and Anthropology, Education and Psychology Faculty, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Nicolás Contreras-Barraza

    (Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile)

  • José A. Iturra-González

    (Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile)

  • Javier Urbano-Mairena

    (Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain)

  • Carolina Cornejo-Orellana

    (Escuela de Negocios y Tecnología, Universidad Gabriela Mistral, Santiago 7500533, Chile)

  • María Mendoza-Muñoz

    (Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
    Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

Abstract

Background: Smoking is associated with poor health status. Increased prevalence of multiple diseases has been found in populations of smokers and ex-smokers. Physical activity (PA) could reduce the negative effects of smoking. Aims: To analyze the relationships between smoking and self-perceived health and between PA level and self-perceived health, according to the relationship with smoking in the Spanish population. To calculate the risks of perceiving negative health in relation to smoking, according to the PA level of the population. Hypothesis: A higher level of PA reduces the risk of perceiving negative health in the Spanish smoking population. Design and Methodology: Cross-sectional study with data from 17,708 participants, 15–69 years old, interviewed in the Spanish National Health Survey 2017. Intergroup differences were studied. Odds ratios (OR) and relative risks (RR) and their confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for negative self-perceived health. A Spearman’s rho correlation study was performed between the variables of interest. Results: Dependency relationships were found between self-perceived health and PA levels, in both genders and in different relationships with smoking (x 2 < 0.001). Inactivity was related to higher prevalences of negative health perception ( p < 0.05) in all groups analyzed. Inactive smokers (OR: 6.02. 95% CI: 3.99–9.07. RR: 5.24. 95% CI: 3.56–7.73) presented increased risks of negative health perception compared to people with low/medium PA levels, similarly found in other relationships with tobacco. Conclusions: Increasing the PA level of the smoking population could reduce the negative effects on their perceived health. Medium and high PA levels reduce the risk of negative health perception in the Spanish population, both in smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers.

Suggested Citation

  • Ángel Denche-Zamorano & David Manuel Mendoza-Muñoz & Damián Pereira-Payo & Manuel J. Ruiz & Nicolás Contreras-Barraza & José A. Iturra-González & Javier Urbano-Mairena & Carolina Cornejo-Orellana & Ma, 2022. "Does Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Perceived Negative Health in the Smoking Population?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14366-:d:961701
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laura Maniscalco & Silvana Miceli & Filippa Bono & Domenica Matranga, 2020. "Self-Perceived Health, Objective Health, and Quality of Life among People Aged 50 and Over: Interrelationship among Health Indicators in Italy, Spain, and Greece," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, April.
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