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Self-Perceived Health, Objective Health, and Quality of Life among People Aged 50 and Over: Interrelationship among Health Indicators in Italy, Spain, and Greece

Author

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  • Laura Maniscalco

    (Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy)

  • Silvana Miceli

    (Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy)

  • Filippa Bono

    (Department of Economics, Business and Statistics (SEAS), University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy)

  • Domenica Matranga

    (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Infant Care, Internal and Specialized Medicine “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy)

Abstract

It is well known that self-perceived health (SPH), even if it is a subjective health indicator, is significantly associated with objective health and quality of life (QoL) in the general population. Whether it can be considered an indicator of cognitive functioning and quality of life in the elderly is still an open issue. This study used a data-driven approach to investigate the interrelationship among SPH, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), QoL, and cognitive functioning to answer this question. The study sample included information about 12,831 people living in Italy, Spain, and Greece, extracted from the Survey on Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe, in the year 2015. The additive Bayesian networks methodology was used to identify the best directed acyclic graphs (DAG) for SPH, QoL, and NCDs. Results were given as posterior estimates of generalized linear models (GLM) coefficients, with 95% credibility intervals. Good SPH was associated with a decreasing number of chronic diseases in Italy (coeff = −0.52, 95%CI: [−0.59, −0.44]), Spain (coeff = −0.53, 95%CI: [−0.60, −0.46]) and Greece (coeff = −0.57, 95%CI: [−0.64, −0.50]). Age and Body Mass Index were determinants of NCDs in all countries. QoL of elderly was associated with SPH in Italy (coeff = 0.12, 95%CI: [0.10, 0.14]), Spain (coeff = 0.16, 95%CI: [0.15, 0.18]), and Greece (coeff = 0.18, 95%CI: [0.16, 0.20]). The number of NCDs was higher for people who were not employed in Spain (coeff = 0.45, 95%CI: [0.37, 0.53]) and was decreasing for a unitary increase in years of education in Greece (coeff = −0.12, 95%CI: [−0.14, −0.09]). As a general rule, the framework of the interrelationship among NCDs, SPH, and QoL was similar for Italy, Spain, and Greece. The connections found among indicators could be proposed to identify strategies for health promotion and healthy aging among people aged 50 and above, which are viable in general and at a country level. Reinforcing strategies targeted at some health indicators could have relevant effects on other related indicators.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Maniscalco & Silvana Miceli & Filippa Bono & Domenica Matranga, 2020. "Self-Perceived Health, Objective Health, and Quality of Life among People Aged 50 and Over: Interrelationship among Health Indicators in Italy, Spain, and Greece," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2414-:d:340444
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    3. Masood A. Badri & Guang Yang & Mugheer Al Khaili & Muna Al Bahar & Asma Al Rashdi & Layla Al Hyas, 2021. "Hierarchical Regression of Wellbeing and Self-Rated Health among Older Adults in Abu Dhabi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.
    4. Domenica Matranga & Vincenzo Restivo & Laura Maniscalco & Filippa Bono & Giuseppe Pizzo & Giuseppe Lanza & Valerio Gaglio & Walter Mazzucco & Silvana Miceli, 2020. "Lifestyle Medicine and Psychological Well-Being toward Health Promotion: A Cross-Sectional Study on Palermo (Southern Italy) Undergraduates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-13, July.
    5. Marenzi, Anna & Rizzi, Dino & Zanette, Michele & Zantomio, Francesca, 2023. "Regional institutional quality and territorial equity in LTC provision," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 26(C).
    6. Domenica Matranga & Filippa Bono & Laura Maniscalco, 2021. "Statistical Advances in Epidemiology and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-5, March.
    7. Marenzi, A.; & Rizzi, D.; & Zanette, M.; & Zantomio, F.;, 2022. "Regional Institutional Quality and Territorial Equity in LTC Provision," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 22/27, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    8. Laura Maniscalco & Martijn Schouteden & Jan Boon & Domenica Matranga & Lode Godderis, 2020. "The Impact of a Change in Employment on Three Work-Related Diseases: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study of 10,530 Belgian Employees," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-14, October.
    9. Ángel Denche-Zamorano & David Manuel Mendoza-Muñoz & Damián Pereira-Payo & Manuel J. Ruiz & Nicolás Contreras-Barraza & José A. Iturra-González & Javier Urbano-Mairena & Carolina Cornejo-Orellana & Ma, 2022. "Does Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Perceived Negative Health in the Smoking Population?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-15, November.

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