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Validation and Translation of the Relational Aspect of Care Questionnaire into the Malay Language (RAC-QM) to Evaluate the Compassionate Care Level of Healthcare Workers from the Patient’s Perspective

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  • Noorhidayu Monyati Mohamed Noor

    (Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Ismail Ibrahim

    (Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Suhaily Mohd Hairon

    (Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Maizun Mohd Zain

    (Public Health Unit, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Saiful Nazri Satiman

    (Medical Division, Kelantan State Health Department, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

Abstract

Background: Compassionate care has been increasingly highlighted in the past few decades worldwide, including in Malaysia. Despite acknowledging its importance, Malaysia still lacks a validated tool that can be used to assess the level of compassionate care from the patient’s perspective. Therefore, this study aims to validate and translate the Relational Aspect of Care Questionnaire (RAC-Q) into the Malay language. Methods: Permission to use and translate the original RAC-Q into the Malay language was obtained. The RAC-Q was then translated into the Malay language following the 10 steps proposed for the translation of a patient-reported outcome questionnaire. A pretest was conducted based on 30 inpatients to assess the appropriateness and clarity of the finalized translated questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was performed based on 138 inpatients from six adult wards of a teaching hospital so as to validate the translated questionnaire. The data were analyzed using R software version 4.1.3 (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria, 2020). The results were presented descriptively as numbers and percentages or means and standard deviations. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed using robust estimators. Results: The analysis showed that the measurement model of the RAC-Q Malay version (RAC-QM) fits well based on several fit indices: a standardized factor loading range from 0.40 to 0.73, comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.917, Tucker–Lewis fit index (TLI) of 0.904, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.06, and a standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) of 0.073. It has good reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.857 and a composite ratio of 0.857. Conclusion: The RAC-QM demonstrated good psychometric properties and is valid and reliable based on the confirmatory analysis, and it can thus be used as a tool for evaluating the level of compassionate care in Malaysia.

Suggested Citation

  • Noorhidayu Monyati Mohamed Noor & Mohd Ismail Ibrahim & Suhaily Mohd Hairon & Maizun Mohd Zain & Mohd Saiful Nazri Satiman, 2022. "Validation and Translation of the Relational Aspect of Care Questionnaire into the Malay Language (RAC-QM) to Evaluate the Compassionate Care Level of Healthcare Workers from the Patient’s Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13486-:d:946114
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shane Sinclair & Lara B. Russell & Thomas F. Hack & Jane Kondejewski & Richard Sawatzky, 2017. "Measuring Compassion in Healthcare: A Comprehensive and Critical Review," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 10(4), pages 389-405, August.
    2. Ware, John E. & Snyder, Mary K. & Wright, W. Russell & Davies, Allyson R., 1983. "Defining and measuring patient satisfaction with medical care," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 6(3-4), pages 247-263, January.
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    1. Noorhidayu Monyati Mohamed Noor & Mohd Ismail Ibrahim & Suhaily Mohd Hairon & Maizun Mohd Zain & Mohd Saiful Nazri Satiman, 2023. "Predictors of Healthcare Workers’ Compassionate Care Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Patients’ Perspective in Kelantan, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-15, January.

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