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Non-Medical Factors Associated with the Outcome of Treatment of Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Irena Kovačević

    (Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
    Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Višnja Majerić Kogler

    (School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Valentina Krikšić

    (Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
    Institution for Home Healthcare Domnius, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Boris Ilić

    (Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Adriano Friganović

    (Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Štefanija Ozimec Vulinec

    (Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Jadranka Pavić

    (Department of Nursing, University of Applied Health Sciences, Mlinarska 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Milan Milošević

    (Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Petra Kovačević

    (Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Centre “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia)

  • Davorina Petek

    (Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

Abstract

Background: Chronic pain is a global public health issue with increasing prevalence. Chronic pain causes sleep disorder, reactive anxiety, and depression, impairs the quality of life; it burdens the individual and society as a whole. The aim of this study was to examine non-medical factors related to the outcome of the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain. Methods: A cross-sectional study with two groups of patients was conducted using a questionnaire with biological, psychological, and social characteristics of patients. Since this study was cross-sectional, it was not possible to determine whether some factors were the cause or the consequence of unsuccessful treatment outcome, which is at the same time one of the disadvantages of cross-sectional studies. Results: The poor outcome of the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain in a multivariate binary logistic regression model was statistically significantly associated with the lower quality of life (OR = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.99; p = 0.009), and higher depression level OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02–1.14; p = 0.009). The outcome of the treatment was not directly related to social support measured by the multivariate binary logistic regression model (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95–1.15, p = 0.395), but solitary life (without partner) was (OR = 2.16 (95% CI: 1.03–4.53; p = 0.043). Conclusion: The typical patient with a poor pain management outcome is retired, presents depressive behavior; their pain disturbs general activity and sleeping. Moreover, they have a physically disturbed quality of life and require self-treatment due to the inaccessibility of doctors and therapies. The principle of treatment of patients with chronic, non-malignant pain should take into account a biopsychosocial approach with individually adjusted procedures.

Suggested Citation

  • Irena Kovačević & Višnja Majerić Kogler & Valentina Krikšić & Boris Ilić & Adriano Friganović & Štefanija Ozimec Vulinec & Jadranka Pavić & Milan Milošević & Petra Kovačević & Davorina Petek, 2022. "Non-Medical Factors Associated with the Outcome of Treatment of Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:5:p:2881-:d:762060
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter Knaster & Ann-Mari Estlander & Hasse Karlsson & Jaakko Kaprio & Eija Kalso, 2016. "Diagnosing Depression in Chronic Pain Patients: DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder vs. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-9, March.
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    4. Rosario Fernández-Peña & José Luis Molina & Oliver Valero, 2018. "Personal Network Analysis in the Study of Social Support: The Case of Chronic Pain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-18, November.
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