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Short-Term Joint Effects of PM 10 , NO 2 and SO 2 on Cardio-Respiratory Disease Hospital Admissions in Cape Town, South Africa

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  • Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Janine Wichmann

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa)

  • Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Nicole Probst-Hensch

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Christian Schindler

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Nino Künzli

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland)

Abstract

Background/Aim: In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season. Results: The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 at lag 0–1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5–3.2%), 2.3% (0.6–4%), and 1.1% (−0.2–2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6–3.5%), 1% (−0.8–2.8%), and −0.3% (−1.6–1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m 3 for PM 10 , 7.3 µg/m 3 for NO 2 , and 3.6 µg/m 3 for SO 2 . The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM 10 and NO 2 for children were 2% (0.2–3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7–5.6%), respectively. Conclusion: We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM 10 and NO 2 concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.

Suggested Citation

  • Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo & Janine Wichmann & Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe & Nicole Probst-Hensch & Christian Schindler & Nino Künzli, 2022. "Short-Term Joint Effects of PM 10 , NO 2 and SO 2 on Cardio-Respiratory Disease Hospital Admissions in Cape Town, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:1:p:495-:d:716598
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe & Martin Röösli & Nino Künzli & Apolline Saucy & Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo & Mohamed F. Jeebhay & Mohammed Aqiel Dalvie & Kees de Hoogh, 2021. "Comparing Methods to Impute Missing Daily Ground-Level PM 10 Concentrations between 2010–2017 in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Gasparrini, Antonio, 2011. "Distributed Lag Linear and Non-Linear Models in R: The Package dlnm," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 43(i08).
    3. Eric Coker & Samuel Kizito, 2018. "A Narrative Review on the Human Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Urgent Need for Health Effects Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-15, March.
    4. van Loenhout, Joris & Delbiso,Tefera & Kiriliouk, Anna & Rodriguez-Llanes, Jose Manuel & Segers, Johan & Guha-Sapir, Debarati, 2018. "Heat and emergency room admissions in the Netherlands," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2018043, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
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