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Validating the Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index

Author

Listed:
  • Mats Nylén-Eriksen

    (Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway)

  • Ann Kristin Bjørnnes

    (Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway)

  • Hege Hafstad

    (Vårres Regional User-Led Center Mid-Norway, 7010 Trondheim, Norway)

  • Irene Lie

    (Center for Patient-Centered Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
    Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 2815 Gjøvik, Norway)

  • Ellen Karine Grov

    (Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway)

  • Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera

    (Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
    Nidelv Community Mental Health Centre, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway)

Abstract

Purpose: Research on the psychological well-being of caregivers of children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) suggests that the well-being of parents and caregivers has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the psychological well-being of caregivers is a major concern, few validated well-being measures exist for caregivers of children diagnosed with ADHD. Therefore, a valid self-report scale is needed to assess well-being during the pandemic. The brief Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) has previously been used in studies on caregivers. However, its validity in this population remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the WHO-5 with caregivers of children with ADHD. Methods : A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted in Norway. The study recruited caregivers from a community sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was carried out to investigate the construct validity by exploring the relationship between well-being, quality of life, social support, self-reported psychological distress, and perceived stress. Results : The findings of unidimensionality and high internal consistency, together with the results from the hypothesis testing, demonstrate the reliability and construct validity of the Norwegian version of the WHO-5 in this population. Conclusions: This study provides the first empirical evidence of the validity and reliability of the WHO-5 from a sample of Norwegian caregivers of children diagnosed with ADHD, with excellent reliability and construct validity. The scale can be used to systematize the measurement of well-being in caregivers because of its brevity and good psychometric properties, making it a valuable resource in research settings and assisting healthcare professionals in their crucial work of caring for caregivers.

Suggested Citation

  • Mats Nylén-Eriksen & Ann Kristin Bjørnnes & Hege Hafstad & Irene Lie & Ellen Karine Grov & Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera, 2022. "Validating the Five-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11489-:d:913114
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mariela Loreto Lara-Cabrera & Moisés Betancort & C. Amparo Muñoz-Rubilar & Natalia Rodríguez Novo & Carlos De las Cuevas, 2021. "The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-10, September.
    2. Keith W. Pecor & Georgia Barbayannis & Max Yang & Jacklyn Johnson & Sarah Materasso & Mauricio Borda & Disleidy Garcia & Varsha Garla & Xue Ming, 2021. "Quality of Life Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Caregivers of Children with ADHD and/or ASD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-12, April.
    3. Nathaniel Scherer & Ibone Verhey & Hannah Kuper, 2019. "Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, July.
    4. Kimberly C. Thomson & Emily Jenkins & Randip Gill & Chris G. Richardson & Monique Gagné Petteni & Corey McAuliffe & Anne M. Gadermann, 2021. "Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Mental Health in Canada: Findings from a Multi-Round Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-17, November.
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