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Poor Mental Health in Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Relationships with Caregivers’ Difficulties in Managing the Children’s Behaviors and Worsened Psychological Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Hui-Wen Tseng

    (School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831301, Taiwan
    College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
    Hui-Wen Tseng and Ching-Shu Tsai contributed equally to this work as the first authors.)

  • Ching-Shu Tsai

    (Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
    College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
    Hui-Wen Tseng and Ching-Shu Tsai contributed equally to this work as the first authors.)

  • Yu-Min Chen

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan)

  • Ray C. Hsiao

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98105, USA)

  • Fan-Hao Chou

    (College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan)

  • Cheng-Fang Yen

    (Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
    College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan)

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has thrown out a challenge to caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study examined the factors related to the poor general mental health state of the caregivers of children with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic, including (1) difficulties of caregivers in asking their child to adopt protective behaviors against COVID-19, (2) difficulties of caregivers in managing the child’s daily performance, and (3) worsened psychological symptoms in children. In total, 161 caregivers completed an online questionnaire to provide data regarding their general mental health state and difficulties in asking their child with ADHD to adopt protective behaviors against COVID-19 and in managing the child’s after-school learning, sleep routine, and internet use, as well as worsened psychological symptoms. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that caregivers’ difficulties in managing ADHD children’s self-protective behaviors and after-school learning and the children’s worsened emotional symptoms were significantly associated with poor caregiver general mental health state. An intervention that enhances the mental health of caregivers of children with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic by addressing their difficulties in managing the children’s behaviors and psychological problems is warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Hui-Wen Tseng & Ching-Shu Tsai & Yu-Min Chen & Ray C. Hsiao & Fan-Hao Chou & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2021. "Poor Mental Health in Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Relationships with Caregivers’ Difficulties in Managing the Children’s Behaviors and Worsened Psychol," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9745-:d:636613
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yingfei Zhang & Zheng Feei Ma, 2020. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, March.
    2. Keith W. Pecor & Georgia Barbayannis & Max Yang & Jacklyn Johnson & Sarah Materasso & Mauricio Borda & Disleidy Garcia & Varsha Garla & Xue Ming, 2021. "Quality of Life Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Caregivers of Children with ADHD and/or ASD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-12, April.
    3. Meichun Mohler-Kuo & Shota Dzemaili & Simon Foster & Laura Werlen & Susanne Walitza, 2021. "Stress and Mental Health among Children/Adolescents, Their Parents, and Young Adults during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Switzerland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Julio Torales & Marcelo O’Higgins & João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia & Antonio Ventriglio, 2020. "The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(4), pages 317-320, June.
    5. Peng-Wei Wang & Yi-Lung Chen & Yu-Ping Chang & Chia-Fen Wu & Wei-Hsin Lu & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2021. "Sources of COVID-19-Related Information in People with Various Levels of Risk Perception and Preventive Behaviors in Taiwan: A Latent Profile Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jia-In Lee & Ray C. Hsiao & Ching-Shu Tsai & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "Caregivers’ Difficulty in Managing Smartphone Use of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relationships with Caregiver and Children Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-11, April.
    2. Chao-Ying Chen & Jung-Sheng Chen & Chung-Ying Lin & Ray C. Hsiao & Ching-Shu Tsai & Cheng-Fang Yen, 2022. "Difficulties in Managing Children’s Learning among Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Association with Worsened Behavioral and," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-11, October.

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