IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i17p11016-d905712.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Multivariate Analysis on Physical Activity, Emotional and Health Status of University Students Caused by COVID-19 Confinement

Author

Listed:
  • Bethy Merchán-Sanmartín

    (Centro de Investigaciones y Proyectos Aplicados a las Ciencias de la Tierra (CIPAT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 09015863, Ecuador
    Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra (FICT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 9015863, Ecuador
    Geo-Recursos y Aplicaciones (GIGA), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 09015863, Ecuador)

  • Mayra Brocel-Bajaña

    (Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra (FICT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 9015863, Ecuador)

  • Johny Pambabay-Calero

    (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNM), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 09015863, Ecuador)

  • Sergio Bauz-Olvera

    (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNM), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 09015863, Ecuador)

  • Néstor Montalván-Burbano

    (Centro de Investigaciones y Proyectos Aplicados a las Ciencias de la Tierra (CIPAT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 09015863, Ecuador
    Department of Economy and Business, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
    Innovation, Management, Marketing and Knowledge Economy Research I2Maker, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 9015863, Ecuador)

  • Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar

    (Centro de Investigaciones y Proyectos Aplicados a las Ciencias de la Tierra (CIPAT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 09015863, Ecuador)

  • Paúl Carrión-Mero

    (Centro de Investigaciones y Proyectos Aplicados a las Ciencias de la Tierra (CIPAT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 09015863, Ecuador
    Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra (FICT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil 9015863, Ecuador)

Abstract

Confinement as a result of COVID-19 had a strong impact around the world and restricted mobility. The university community started to take routine classes in a virtual and sedentary way, causing negative effects on their health and habits. The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of confinement through surveys of students and interviews with university professors, in order to study the effects of confinement on physical activity, emotional state, and health. The methodology was as follows: (i) preliminary data; (ii) survey development, interviews, and information collection; (iii) data processing and multivariate presentation of the results, using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and multiple factor analysis (MFA). The results of 375 respondents show that there is a low level of physical activity (<300 METs, 49.6%), where women register sedentary behavior (73%). Emotionally, most of them show feeling bored. Some express anxiety, depression, discomfort, and frustration. In terms of health, there are rheumatic, circulatory, respiratory, and other diseases related to obesity. It is essential to create programs that promote physical exercise to reduce the consequences of sedentary lifestyles on the physical, social, and mental health of university students, especially engineering students, who experienced greater effects of confinement than those studying nutrition and social sciences.

Suggested Citation

  • Bethy Merchán-Sanmartín & Mayra Brocel-Bajaña & Johny Pambabay-Calero & Sergio Bauz-Olvera & Néstor Montalván-Burbano & Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar & Paúl Carrión-Mero, 2022. "Multivariate Analysis on Physical Activity, Emotional and Health Status of University Students Caused by COVID-19 Confinement," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:11016-:d:905712
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/17/11016/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/17/11016/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gricelda Herrera-Franco & Néstor Montalván-Burbano & Carlos Mora-Frank & Lady Bravo-Montero, 2021. "Scientific Research in Ecuador: A Bibliometric Analysis," Publications, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-34, December.
    2. Juan Gómez-Salgado & Montserrat Andrés-Villas & Sara Domínguez-Salas & Diego Díaz-Milanés & Carlos Ruiz-Frutos, 2020. "Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Daniel Reyes-Molina & Jesús Alonso-Cabrera & Gabriela Nazar & Maria Antonia Parra-Rizo & Rafael Zapata-Lamana & Cristian Sanhueza-Campos & Igor Cigarroa, 2022. "Association between the Physical Activity Behavioral Profile and Sedentary Time with Subjective Well-Being and Mental Health in Chilean University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Javier Molina-García & Cristina Menescardi & Isaac Estevan & Vladimir Martínez-Bello & Ana Queralt, 2019. "Neighborhood Built Environment and Socioeconomic Status are Associated with Active Commuting and Sedentary Behavior, but not with Leisure-Time Physical Activity, in University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-12, August.
    5. -, 2020. "Education in the time of COVID-19," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45905 edited by Eclac.
    6. -, 2020. "Education in the time of COVID-19," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45905 edited by Eclac.
    7. Asanov, Igor & Flores, Francisco & McKenzie, David & Mensmann, Mona & Schulte, Mathis, 2021. "Remote-learning, time-use, and mental health of Ecuadorian high-school students during the COVID-19 quarantine," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    8. Marielle Brunette & Robin Bourke & Marc Hanewinkel & Rasoul Yousefpour, 2018. "Adaptation to climate change in forestry: a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA)," Post-Print hal-02620990, HAL.
    9. Escofier, B. & Pages, J., 1994. "Multiple factor analysis (AFMULT package)," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 121-140, August.
    10. Abel Ruiz-Hermosa & Celia Álvarez-Bueno & Iván Cavero-Redondo & Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno & Andrés Redondo-Tébar & Mairena Sánchez-López, 2019. "Active Commuting to and from School, Cognitive Performance, and Academic Achievement in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-22, May.
    11. Célia Landmann Szwarcwald & Deborah Carvalho Malta & Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros & Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Júnior & Dália Romero & Wanessa da Silva de Almeida & Giseli Nogueira Damacena & A, 2021. "Associations of Sociodemographic Factors and Health Behaviors with the Emotional Well-Being of Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-13, June.
    12. Bram Constandt & Erik Thibaut & Veerle De Bosscher & Jeroen Scheerder & Margot Ricour & Annick Willem, 2020. "Exercising in Times of Lockdown: An Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on Levels and Patterns of Exercise among Adults in Belgium," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-10, June.
    13. Imran Aslan & Dominika Ochnik & Orhan Çınar, 2020. "Exploring Perceived Stress among Students in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-16, December.
    14. Esther García-Esquinas & Rosario Ortolá & Iago Gine-Vázquez & José A. Carnicero & Asier Mañas & Elvira Lara & Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos & German Vicente-Rodriguez & Mercedes Sotos-Prieto & Beatriz Olay, 2021. "Changes in Health Behaviors, Mental and Physical Health among Older Adults under Severe Lockdown Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-25, July.
    15. Raquel Lara & Martha Fernández-Daza & Sara Zabarain-Cogollo & María Angustias Olivencia-Carrión & Manuel Jiménez-Torres & María Demelza Olivencia-Carrión & Adelaida Ogallar-Blanco & Débora Godoy-Izqui, 2021. "Active Coping and Anxiety Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    16. Jacob Meyer & Cillian McDowell & Jeni Lansing & Cassandra Brower & Lee Smith & Mark Tully & Matthew Herring, 2020. "Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Response to COVID-19 and Their Associations with Mental Health in 3052 US Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-13, September.
    17. Dian-Jeng Li & Nai-Ying Ko & Yi-Lung Chen & Peng-Wei Wang & Yu-Ping Chang & Cheng-Fang Yen & Wei-Hsin Lu, 2020. "COVID-19-Related Factors Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Suicidal Thoughts among the Taiwanese Public: A Facebook Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-12, June.
    18. Yao Sun & Shiang-Yi Lin & Kevin Kien Hoa Chung, 2020. "University Students’ Perceived Peer Support and Experienced Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Emotional Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-13, December.
    19. Sheela Sundarasen & Karuthan Chinna & Kamilah Kamaludin & Mohammad Nurunnabi & Gul Mohammad Baloch & Heba Bakr Khoshaim & Syed Far Abid Hossain & Areej Sukayt, 2020. "Psychological Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown among University Students in Malaysia: Implications and Policy Recommendations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Huiyun Zhu, 2022. "Interplay between Discrete Emotions and Preventive Behavior in Health Crises: Big Data Analysis of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Boruchowicz, Cynthia & Parker, Susan W. & Robbins, Lindsay, 2022. "Time use of youth during a pandemic: Evidence from Mexico," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    2. Johanna Andrea Navarro-Espinosa & Manuel Vaquero-Abellán & Alberto-Jesús Perea-Moreno & Gerardo Pedrós-Pérez & Pilar Aparicio-Martínez & Mª Pilar Martínez-Jiménez, 2021. "The Higher Education Sustainability before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Spanish and Ecuadorian Case," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Gina Ionela Butnaru & Alina-Petronela Haller & Larisa-Loredana Dragolea & Alexandru Anichiti & Georgia-Daniela Tacu Hârșan, 2021. "Students’ Wellbeing during Transition from Onsite to Online Education: Are There Risks Arising from Social Isolation?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-23, September.
    4. Elvie Barzo Gonzaga & Don Anton Robles Balida & Angelo Evangelio Gonzaga, 2023. "COVID-19 Precautionary Measures and Practices for Delivering Modular Distance Learning," World Journal of English Language, Sciedu Press, vol. 13(2), pages 1-98, March.
    5. Rima Wajih Hamed Daraghmeh, 2021. "Palestinian University Students' Perceptions of Distance Education in Light of the Coronavirus Crisis," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(5), pages 1-1, October.
    6. Raquel Lara & Martha Fernández-Daza & Sara Zabarain-Cogollo & María Angustias Olivencia-Carrión & Manuel Jiménez-Torres & María Demelza Olivencia-Carrión & Adelaida Ogallar-Blanco & Débora Godoy-Izqui, 2021. "Active Coping and Anxiety Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    7. Gene Klein, 2021. "Viewing Gamification Design Limitations and Weaknesses through a Pandemic Lens," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-8, November.
    8. Ilona & Urbanyi-Popiolek, 2022. "New Insights into the Ferry Business in the Turbulent Environment," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 63-73.
    9. Amith Khandakar & Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury & Md. Saifuddin Khalid & Nizar Zorba, 2022. "Case Study of Multi-Course Project-Based Learning and Online Assessment in Electrical Engineering Courses during COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    10. U. Y. Abdur Rahman, 2020. "Utilization of Indonesia’s Digital Economy to Invest in Human Capital and Provide Socio-Economic Support to Stimulate Economic Growth," International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, Professor Dr. Bahaudin G. Mujtaba, vol. 6(6), pages 312-322.
    11. Rozina Afroz & Nurul Islam & Sajedur Rahman & Nusrat Zerin Anny, 2021. "Students’ and teachers’ attitude towards online classes during Covid-19 pandemic: A study on three Bangladeshi government colleges," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(3), pages 462-476, April.
    12. Alfonso Infante-Moro & Juan C. Infante-Moro & Julia Gallardo-Pérez & Francisco J. Martínez-López, 2022. "Key Factors in the Implementation of E-Proctoring in the Spanish University System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
    13. Ana Iolanda Vodă & Cristina Cautisanu & Camelia Grădinaru & Chris Tănăsescu & Gustavo Herminio Salati Marcondes de Moraes, 2022. "Exploring Digital Literacy Skills in Social Sciences and Humanities Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-31, February.
    14. Mališ Sanja Sever & Sačer Ivana Mamić & Žager Katarina, 2022. "Landscape of e-Learning during Covid-19: Case Study of Economic Disciplines in Croatia," Business Systems Research, Sciendo, vol. 13(2), pages 8-27, December.
    15. Sorina Ioana MIȘU & Monica TRICULESCU, 2021. "Living And Teaching During Covid-19: The Damages And Benefits Of Telework," Business Excellence and Management, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 11(5), pages 129-137, October.
    16. Antonietta Cosentino & Paola Paoloni, 2021. "Women’s Skills and Aptitudes as Drivers of Organizational Resilience: An Italian Case Study," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, November.
    17. Malou Grubben & Sara Wiertsema & Remco Hoekman & Gerbert Kraaykamp, 2022. "Is Working from Home during COVID-19 Associated with Increased Sports Participation? Contexts of Sports, Sports Location and Socioeconomic Inequality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-12, August.
    18. Kareema Ali & Daniel Burgos & Saida Affouneh, 2023. "Educational Loss at Times of Crisis: The Role of Games in Students’ Learning in Palestine and Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, March.
    19. José M. Ramírez-Hurtado & Alfredo G. Hernández-Díaz & Ana D. López-Sánchez & Víctor E. Pérez-León, 2021. "Measuring Online Teaching Service Quality in Higher Education in the COVID-19 Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, March.
    20. Maricar M. Navarro & Yogi Tri Prasetyo & Michael Nayat Young & Reny Nadlifatin & Anak Agung Ngurah Perwira Redi, 2021. "The Perceived Satisfaction in Utilizing Learning Management System among Engineering Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Integrating Task Technology Fit and Extended Technology Acceptance Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:11016-:d:905712. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.