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Rethinking Lockdown Policies in the Pre-Vaccine Era of COVID-19: A Configurational Perspective

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  • Ziang Zhang

    (School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Chao Liu

    (Faculty of Hospitality & Tourism Management, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China)

  • Robin Nunkoo

    (Department of Management, University of Mauritius, Reduit MU 80837, Mauritius
    School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
    Griffith Institute for Tourism, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
    Copenhagen Business School, Porcelaenshaven 18A, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark)

  • Vivek A. Sunnassee

    (Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, 35 Marylebone Road, London NW1 5LS, UK)

  • Xiaoyan Chen

    (School of Humanities, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China)

Abstract

The significance of lockdown policies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic is widely recognized. However, most studies have focused on individual lockdown measures. The effectiveness of lockdown policy combinations has not been examined from a configurational perspective. This research applies fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine different lockdown policy combinations associated with high-epidemic situations in 84 countries. A high-epidemic situation can occur through three different “weak-confined” patterns of lockdown policy combinations. The findings demonstrate that a combination of lockdown policies is more successful than any single lockdown policy, whereas the absence of several key measures in policy combinations can lead to a high-epidemic situation. The importance of international travel controls can become obscured when they are the only measures adopted, and a high-epidemic situation can still arise where restrictions are placed on international travel but not on public transport or when workplaces are closed but schools remain open.

Suggested Citation

  • Ziang Zhang & Chao Liu & Robin Nunkoo & Vivek A. Sunnassee & Xiaoyan Chen, 2022. "Rethinking Lockdown Policies in the Pre-Vaccine Era of COVID-19: A Configurational Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7142-:d:836330
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