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Benefits of Two 24-Week Interactive Cognitive–Motor Programs on Body Composition, Lower-Body Strength, and Processing Speed in Community Dwellings at Risk of Falling: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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  • Hugo Rosado

    (Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
    Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

  • Catarina Pereira

    (Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
    Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

  • Jorge Bravo

    (Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
    Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

  • Joana Carvalho

    (Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
    CIAFEL-Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal)

  • Armando Raimundo

    (Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
    Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal)

Abstract

This 24-week randomized controlled trial study evaluated the effects of two interactive cognitive–motor programs on body composition, lower-body strength, and processing speed in community dwellings at risk of falling. Forty-eight participants (75.0 ± 5.4 years) were allocated into EG1 (psychomotor intervention program), EG2 (combined program (psychomotor intervention + whole-body vibration)), and a control group. EG programs induced significant improvements in bone mass, lower-body strength, and processing speed ( p < 0.05), with similar treatment effects on lower-body strength and processing speed and higher bone mineral content and density within EG2. The fall rate decreased in EG1 (44.2%) and EG2 (63%) ( p < 0.05). After the 12-week no-intervention follow-up, improvements in lower-body strength were reversed in both EGs, but those in processing speed were maintained, mainly in EG2 ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, both programs were accepted and well tolerated. The combined program led to additional benefits in bone mass. Both programs positively impacted physical and cognitive risk factors for falls and injuries. They induced similar improvements in lower-body strength and processing speed, decreasing the fall rate. These findings suggest that both programs are successful for fall and injury prevention in the studied population.

Suggested Citation

  • Hugo Rosado & Catarina Pereira & Jorge Bravo & Joana Carvalho & Armando Raimundo, 2022. "Benefits of Two 24-Week Interactive Cognitive–Motor Programs on Body Composition, Lower-Body Strength, and Processing Speed in Community Dwellings at Risk of Falling: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7117-:d:835594
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Briana N Sprague & Christine B Phillips & Lesley A Ross & Vanessa Taler, 2021. "Cognitive Training Attenuates Decline in Physical Function Across 10 Years," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 76(6), pages 1114-1124.
    2. Renae L. Smith-Ray & Susan L. Hughes & Thomas R. Prohaska & Deborah M. Little & Donald A. Jurivich & Donald Hedeker, 2015. "Impact of Cognitive Training on Balance and Gait in Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 70(3), pages 357-366.
    3. Cristina Blasco-Lafarga & Ana Cordellat & Anabel Forte & Ainoa Roldán & Pablo Monteagudo, 2020. "Short and Long-Term Trainability in Older Adults: Training and Detraining Following Two Years of Multicomponent Cognitive—Physical Exercise Training," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-16, August.
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