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Short and Long-Term Trainability in Older Adults: Training and Detraining Following Two Years of Multicomponent Cognitive—Physical Exercise Training

Author

Listed:
  • Cristina Blasco-Lafarga

    (Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Sport Performance & Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Ana Cordellat

    (Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Sport Performance & Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Anabel Forte

    (Statistics and Operational Research Department, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain)

  • Ainoa Roldán

    (Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Sport Performance & Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain)

  • Pablo Monteagudo

    (Sport Performance & Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
    Education and Specific Didactics Department, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellon, Spain)

Abstract

Despite the benefits of multicomponent physical–cognitive training programs (MC Cog TPs), lower training intensities in the concurrent approach, and bigger heterogeneity with aging, suggest the need for long-term analyses, with special attention to training and detraining in older adults. The present study aims to examine these training/detraining effects in a two year MC Cog TP, looking for specific dynamics in the trainability of their physical and cognitive capacities. The intervention was divided into four periods: T1, T2 (8 months of training each), and D1, D2 (3.5 months of detraining plus 0.5 of testing each). Twenty-five healthy seniors (70.82 ± 5.18 years) comprised the final sample and were assessed for cardiovascular fitness (6-minutes walking test), lower-limbs strength (30-seconds chair-stand test) and agility (8-feet timed up-and-go test). Inhibition (Stroop test) was considered for executive function. Physical and cognitive status improved significantly ( p < 0.05) throughout the two years, with larger enhancements for physical function (mainly strength and agility). Strength and cardiovascular fitness were more sensitive to detraining, whilst agility proved to have larger training retentions. Inhibition followed an initial similar trend, but it was the only variable to improve along D2 (d = 0.52), and changes were not significant within periods. Notwithstanding aging, and the exercise cessation in D2, physical and cognitive status remained enhanced two years later compared to baseline, except for lower-limb strength. According to these results, basic physical capacities are very sensitive to training/detraining, deserving continuous attention (especially strength). Both reducing detraining periods and complementary resistance training should be considered. Additionally, physical enhancements following MC cog TPs may help cognition maintenance during detraining.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Blasco-Lafarga & Ana Cordellat & Anabel Forte & Ainoa Roldán & Pablo Monteagudo, 2020. "Short and Long-Term Trainability in Older Adults: Training and Detraining Following Two Years of Multicomponent Cognitive—Physical Exercise Training," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5984-:d:400390
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francis Langlois & Thien Tuong Minh Vu & Kathleen Chassé & Gilles Dupuis & Marie-Jeanne Kergoat & Louis Bherer, 2012. "Benefits of Physical Exercise Training on Cognition and Quality of Life in Frail Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 68(3), pages 400-404.
    2. Luis Leitão & Ana Pereira & Mauro Mazini & Gabriela Venturini & Yuri Campos & João Vieira & Jefferson Novaes & Jeferson Vianna & Sandro da Silva & Hugo Louro, 2019. "Effects of Three Months of Detraining on the Health Profile of Older Women after a Multicomponent Exercise Program," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-10, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pablo Monteagudo & Ainoa Roldán & Ana Cordellat & Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera & Cristina Blasco-Lafarga, 2020. "Continuous Compared to Accumulated Walking-Training on Physical Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Sedentary Older Persons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Pablo Monteagudo & Ana Cordellat & Ainoa Roldán & Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera & Caterina Pesce & Cristina Blasco-Lafarga, 2021. "Exploring Potential Benefits of Accumulated Multicomponent-Training in Non-Active Older Adults: From Physical Fitness to Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Cristina Blasco-Lafarga & Gema Sanchis-Soler & Pere Llorens, 2021. "Multicomponent Physical Exercise Training in Multimorbid and Palliative Oldest Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-14, August.
    4. Luis Leitão & Moacir Marocolo & Hiago L. R. de Souza & Rhai André Arriel & João Guilherme Vieira & Mauro Mazini & Hugo Louro & Ana Pereira, 2021. "Can Exercise Help Regulate Blood Pressure and Improve Functional Capacity of Older Women with Hypertension against the Deleterious Effects of Physical Inactivity?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-8, August.
    5. Luis Leitão & Moacir Marocolo & Hiago L. R. de Souza & Rhai André Arriel & João Guilherme Vieira & Mauro Mazini & Teresa Figueiredo & Hugo Louro & Ana Pereira, 2021. "Multicomponent Exercise Program for Improvement of Functional Capacity and Lipidic Profile of Older Women with High Cholesterol and High Triglycerides," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-9, October.
    6. Lucas Almada & Lucas Santos & Karla Freitas & Joel Rodrigues & Elizângela Diniz & Mauro Mazini-Filho & Luís Leitão & Eveline Pereira & Cláudia Oliveira & Osvaldo Moreira, 2024. "Effect of Detraining on Muscle Strength, Functional Capacity, Mental Health, and Body Composition in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(7), pages 1-17, July.
    7. Luis Leitão & Moacir Marocolo & Hiago L. R. de Souza & Rhai André Arriel & Yuri Campos & Mauro Mazini & Ricardo Pace Junior & Teresa Figueiredo & Hugo Louro & Ana Pereira, 2022. "Three-Month vs. One-Year Detraining Effects after Multicomponent Exercise Program in Hypertensive Older Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-11, March.
    8. Hugo Rosado & Catarina Pereira & Jorge Bravo & Joana Carvalho & Armando Raimundo, 2022. "Benefits of Two 24-Week Interactive Cognitive–Motor Programs on Body Composition, Lower-Body Strength, and Processing Speed in Community Dwellings at Risk of Falling: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-15, June.

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