IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i7p3371-d523454.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Comparisons between the Neighboring States of Amazonas and Pará in Brazil in the Second Wave of COVID-19 Outbreak and a Possible Role of Early Ambulatory Treatment

Author

Listed:
  • Francisco G. Emmerich

    (Federal University of Espirito Santo, Campus de Goiabeiras, Vitoria-ES 29075-910, Brazil)

Abstract

Brazil and many countries are now experiencing a second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. The objective of this study is to compare results with statistical samples involving millions of people in the two largest neighboring states in Brazil, Amazonas and Pará, which in the first wave were similar but now show significant different results in combating COVID-19. During the first wave, in May 2020, the maximums of the 7-day average daily deaths per population of Amazonas and Pará were similar: 15.7 and 17.1 deaths per day per million people, respectively, which means a ratio 15.7/17.1 = 0.92 ≈ 1. Now, in the second wave of COVID-19 outbreak, Amazonas has entered a serious situation; meanwhile, Pará has presented a much smaller growth in the mortality. The accumulated mortality per population from 11 November 2020 to 15 March 2021 of Amazonas and Pará are 1645 and 296 deaths per million people, respectively. As 1645/296 = 5.55, Amazonas is presenting an accumulated mortality per population more than five times that of Pará. Future in-depth research can provide a grounded answer to explain this significant difference, nonetheless the explicit support of the Pará state government, after 21 May 2020, to early ambulatory treatment may have played some role on this result.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco G. Emmerich, 2021. "Comparisons between the Neighboring States of Amazonas and Pará in Brazil in the Second Wave of COVID-19 Outbreak and a Possible Role of Early Ambulatory Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3371-:d:523454
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3371/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3371/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liudmila Rozanova & Alexander Temerev & Antoine Flahault, 2020. "Comparing the Scope and Efficacy of COVID-19 Response Strategies in 16 Countries: An Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Fabrizio Pecoraro & Daniela Luzi & Fabrizio Clemente, 2021. "Analysis of the Different Approaches Adopted in the Italian Regions to Care for Patients Affected by COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Charulata Jindal & Sandeep Kumar & Sunil Sharma & Yuk Ming Choi & Jimmy T. Efird, 2020. "The Prevention and Management of COVID-19: Seeking a Practical and Timely Solution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Ben Balmford & James D. Annan & Julia C. Hargreaves & Marina Altoè & Ian J. Bateman, 2020. "Cross-Country Comparisons of Covid-19: Policy, Politics and the Price of Life," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 76(4), pages 525-551, August.
    5. Ivan Gentile & Alberto Enrico Maraolo & Prisco Piscitelli & Annamaria Colao, 2020. "COVID-19: Time for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-3, June.
    6. Yuxin Yan & Woo In Shin & Yoong Xin Pang & Yang Meng & Jianchen Lai & Chong You & Haitao Zhao & Edward Lester & Tao Wu & Cheng Heng Pang, 2020. "The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-23, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ricardo Muñoz-Cancino & Sebastian A. Rios & Marcel Goic & Manuel Graña, 2021. "Non-Intrusive Assessment of COVID-19 Lockdown Follow-Up and Impact Using Credit Card Information: Case Study in Chile," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Brandily, Paul & Brébion, Clément & Briole, Simon & Khoury, Laura, 2021. "A poorly understood disease? The impact of COVID-19 on the income gradient in mortality over the course of the pandemic," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    3. Makoto Niwa & Yasushi Hara & Shintaro Sengoku & Kota Kodama, 2020. "Effectiveness of Social Measures against COVID-19 Outbreaks in Selected Japanese Regions Analyzed by System Dynamic Modeling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-12, August.
    4. Panarello, Demetrio & Tassinari, Giorgio, 2022. "One year of COVID-19 in Italy: are containment policies enough to shape the pandemic pattern?," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    5. Rolando Fuentes & Marzio Galeotti & Alessandro Lanza & Baltasar Manzano, 2020. "COVID-19 and Climate Change: A Tale of Two Global Problems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-14, October.
    6. Ahmed Rakha & Hansi Hettiarachchi & Dina Rady & Mohamed Medhat Gaber & Emad Rakha & Mohammed M. Abdelsamea, 2021. "Predicting the Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom Using Time-Series Mining," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-19, September.
    7. Karine Bertin & Johanna Garzón & Jaime San Martín & Soledad Torres, 2022. "COVID-19: A Comparative Study of Contagions Peaks in Cities from Europe and the Americas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-35, December.
    8. Pongou, Roland & Tchuente, Guy & Tondji, Jean-Baptiste, 2021. "Optimally Targeting Interventions in Networks during a Pandemic: Theory and Evidence from the Networks of Nursing Homes in the United States," GLO Discussion Paper Series 957, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    9. Thomas Gries & Paul J. J. Welfens, 2021. "Testing as an approach to control the Corona epidemic dynamics and avoid lockdowns," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 1-24, February.
    10. Tamaryn Menneer & Zening Qi & Timothy Taylor & Cheryl Paterson & Gengyang Tu & Lewis R. Elliott & Karyn Morrissey & Markus Mueller, 2021. "Changes in Domestic Energy and Water Usage during the UK COVID-19 Lockdown Using High-Resolution Temporal Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-21, June.
    11. Zhaohui Su, 2021. "Rigorous Policy-Making Amid COVID-19 and Beyond: Literature Review and Critical Insights," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-17, November.
    12. Lucio Palazzo & Riccardo Ievoli, 2023. "Detecting Regional Differences in Italian Health Services during Five COVID-19 Waves," Stats, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-13, April.
    13. Vinicius Albani & Matheus Grasselli & Weijie Pang & Jorge P. Zubelli, 2022. "The Interplay between COVID-19 and the Economy in Canada," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-26, October.
    14. Paul Brandily & Clément Brébion & Simon Briole & Laura Khoury, 2021. "A Poorly Understood Disease? The Evolution of the Income Gradient in Excess Mortality Due to COVID-19 within Urban Areas," Working Papers halshs-03154551, HAL.
    15. Xuanlong Qin & Danish Iqbal Godil & Muhammad Kamran Khan & Salman Sarwat & Sadaf Alam & Laeeq Janjua, 2022. "Investigating the effects of COVID-19 and public health expenditure on global supply chain operations: an empirical study," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 195-207, June.
    16. Giulia Motta Zanin & Eleonora Gentile & Alessandro Parisi & Danilo Spasiano, 2020. "A Preliminary Evaluation of the Public Risk Perception Related to the COVID-19 Health Emergency in Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-20, April.
    17. Etienne Dagorn & Léonard Moulin, 2023. "Dropping Out of University in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic," Working Papers 276, French Institute for Demographic Studies.
    18. Fabrizio Pecoraro & Daniela Luzi, 2021. "Open Data Resources on COVID-19 in Six European Countries: Issues and Opportunities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-18, October.
    19. Muhammad Moazzam & Muhammad Imran Sajid & Hamza Shahid & Jahanzaib Butt & Irfan Bashir & Muhammad Jamshaid & Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi & Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, 2020. "Understanding COVID-19: From Origin to Potential Therapeutics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-22, August.
    20. Paulo Caldas & Miguel Varela, 2023. "The Portuguese Public Hospitals Performance Evolution before and during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (2017–2022)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-31, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3371-:d:523454. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.