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Factors That Influence Participation in Physical Activity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review from the Social Ecological Model Perspective

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  • Donglin Hu

    (Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
    School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
    Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)

  • Shi Zhou

    (Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

  • Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan

    (Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia)

  • Zhiyun Liu

    (School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China)

Abstract

High prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity in children and adolescents has become a global problem. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing literature regarding the factors that influence participation in physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with reference to the social ecological model (SEM) proposed by McLeroy et al. (1988). The SEM provides a framework under which the influencing factors are categorized into five levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. A systematic search of relevant literature published before July 2020 was conducted through Ebsco, ProQuest, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected articles were all of high quality as assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). The results indicated that gender, age, ethnicity, and self-concept were the most common influencing factors at the intrapersonal level. At the interpersonal and organization levels, supports from friends, parents, and teachers were positive predictors of students’ PA participation. Accessibility of facilities and safe neighborhoods was a crucial factor that influenced children and adolescents’ participation in PA at the community level. Future studies on the effective types of policies or practices that could successfully promote facilities’ accessibility and improve neighborhood safety are required. The outcomes of this systematic review are expected to inform practice and support the development and implementation of sound policies for the promotion of PA participation in children or adolescents from a comprehensive social ecological viewpoint.

Suggested Citation

  • Donglin Hu & Shi Zhou & Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan & Zhiyun Liu, 2021. "Factors That Influence Participation in Physical Activity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review from the Social Ecological Model Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:3147-:d:519769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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