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BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam

Author

Listed:
  • Van Han Pham

    (Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, A Mickiewicz Street 58, 51-684 Wrocław, Poland
    Department of Physical Education, An Giang University, VNU-Ho Chi Minh, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyên 90100, Vietnam)

  • Sara Wawrzyniak

    (Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, A Mickiewicz Street 58, 51-684 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Ireneusz Cichy

    (Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, A Mickiewicz Street 58, 51-684 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Michał Bronikowski

    (Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland)

  • Andrzej Rokita

    (Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, A Mickiewicz Street 58, 51-684 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the BRAINballs program on second graders’ gross motor skills in a primary school in Vietnam. A total of 55 students (23 boys and 32 girls) aged seven years participated in the study. The research used the method of a pedagogical experiment and parallel group technique (experimental and control group) with pre- and post-testing. The study was conducted in the school year 2019/2020. The gross motor skills performance was assessed by the Test of Gross Motor Development—2nd Edition. The BRAINballs program was conducted twice a week and combined physical activity with subject-related contents by means of a set of 100 balls with painted letters, numbers, and signs. The results showed that the experimental and control groups improved their motor skills after one school year ( p < 0.001). However, the analysis of covariance demonstrated that students from the experimental group, compared to students from the control group, showed significantly better scores in both subtests: locomotor ( p = 0.0000) and object control skills ( p = 0.0000). The findings of this study show that the BRAINballs program had a positive effect on children’s motor performances and may help to better understand the development of basic motor skills of seven-year-old students in Vietnam.

Suggested Citation

  • Van Han Pham & Sara Wawrzyniak & Ireneusz Cichy & Michał Bronikowski & Andrzej Rokita, 2021. "BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-8, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1290-:d:490875
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sergio Rivera-Pérez & Benito León-del-Barco & Javier Fernandez-Rio & Jerónimo J. González-Bernal & Damián Iglesias Gallego, 2020. "Linking Cooperative Learning and Emotional Intelligence in Physical Education: Transition across School Stages," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Kirstin Macdonald & Nikki Milne & Robin Orr & Rodney Pope, 2018. "Relationships between Motor Proficiency and Academic Performance in Mathematics and Reading in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-28, July.
    3. James R Rudd & Lisa M Barnett & Michael L Butson & Damian Farrow & Jason Berry & Remco C J Polman, 2015. "Fundamental Movement Skills Are More than Run, Throw and Catch: The Role of Stability Skills," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ireneusz Cichy & Agnieszka Kruszwicka & Tomasz Przybyla & Weronika Rochatka & Sara Wawrzyniak & Michal Klichowski & Andrzej Rokita, 2022. "No Motor Costs of Physical Education with Eduball," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Ireneusz Cichy & Agnieszka Kruszwicka & Patrycja Palus & Tomasz Przybyla & Rainer Schliermann & Sara Wawrzyniak & Michal Klichowski & Andrzej Rokita, 2022. "Physical Education with Eduball Stimulates Non-Native Language Learning in Primary School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-14, July.
    3. Zhang, Dong & Soh, Kim Geok & Chan, Yoke Mun & Zaremohzzabieh, Zeinab, 2024. "Effect of intervention programs to promote fundamental motor skills among typically developing children: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    4. Sara Wawrzyniak & Marcin Korbecki & Ireneusz Cichy & Agnieszka Kruszwicka & Tomasz Przybyla & Michal Klichowski & Andrzej Rokita, 2022. "Everyone Can Implement Eduball in Physical Education to Develop Cognitive and Motor Skills in Primary School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Donglin Hu & Shi Zhou & Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan & Zhiyun Liu, 2021. "Factors That Influence Participation in Physical Activity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review from the Social Ecological Model Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-22, March.

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