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Australian Experiences of Out-of-Pocket Costs and Financial Burden Following a Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Annie Bygrave

    (Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia)

  • Kate Whittaker

    (Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia)

  • Christine Paul

    (School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
    Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia)

  • Elizabeth A. Fradgley

    (School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
    Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia)

  • Megan Varlow

    (Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia)

  • Sanchia Aranda

    (Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
    Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia)

Abstract

(1) Background: This systematic review was conducted to identify cancer patient experiences, and the impact of out-of-pocket costs and financial burden in Australia. (2) Methods: A systematic review, following the Preferring Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, was conducted. Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PubMed were searched. The primary outcome was financial burden among cancer patients and their families in Australia. The secondary outcome was out-of-pocket costs associated with cancer care and treatment within the population sample, and the impact of financial burden. (3) Results: Nineteen studies were included, covering more than 70,000 Australians affected by cancer. Out-of-pocket costs varied by cancer type and ranged from an average of AUD 977 for breast cancer and lymphoedema patients to AUD 11,077 for prostate cancer patients. Younger aged patients (≤65 years), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people in rural and/or remote areas, households with low income, those who were unemployed and people with private health insurance were at increased risk of experiencing out-of-pocket costs, financial burden or a combination of both. (4) Conclusions: Australians diagnosed with cancer frequently experience financial burden, and the health and financial consequences are significant. Focusing efforts on the costs of care and options about where to have care within the context of informed decisions about cancer care is necessary.

Suggested Citation

  • Annie Bygrave & Kate Whittaker & Christine Paul & Elizabeth A. Fradgley & Megan Varlow & Sanchia Aranda, 2021. "Australian Experiences of Out-of-Pocket Costs and Financial Burden Following a Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2422-:d:508744
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Louisa G. Gordon & Katharina M. D. Merollini & Anthony Lowe & Raymond J. Chan, 2017. "A Systematic Review of Financial Toxicity Among Cancer Survivors: We Can’t Pay the Co-Pay," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 10(3), pages 295-309, June.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    3. Louisa G. Gordon & Thomas M. Elliott & Kate Wakelin & Simone Leyden & John Leyden & Michael Michael & Nick Pavlakis & Jan Mumford & Eva Segelov & David K. Wyld, 2020. "The Economic Impact on Australian Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumours," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 13(3), pages 363-373, June.
    4. Nicole Bates & Emily Callander & Daniel Lindsay & Kerrianne Watt, 2018. "CancerCostMod: a model of the healthcare expenditure, patient resource use, and patient co-payment costs for Australian cancer patients," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Katharina M. D. Merollini & Louisa G. Gordon & Joanne F. Aitken & Michael G. Kimlin, 2020. "Lifetime Costs of Surviving Cancer—A Queensland Study (COS-Q): Protocol of a Large Healthcare Data Linkage Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-16, April.
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    1. Naghsh Nejad, Maryam & Yu, Serena & Haywood, Philip, 2023. "Provider Responses to the Expansion of Public Subsidies in Healthcare: The Case of Oral Chemotherapy Treatment in Australia," IZA Discussion Papers 16060, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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