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Estimated Healthcare Costs of Melanoma and Keratinocyte Skin Cancers in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand in 2021

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  • Louisa G. Gordon

    (Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
    Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre and School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
    Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia)

  • William Leung

    (Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand)

  • Richard Johns

    (Kenmore Skin Clinic, Moggill Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4069, Australia)

  • Bronwen McNoe

    (Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand)

  • Daniel Lindsay

    (Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia)

  • Katharina M. D. Merollini

    (School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
    Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia)

  • Thomas M. Elliott

    (Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia)

  • Rachel E. Neale

    (Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
    Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia)

  • Catherine M. Olsen

    (Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
    Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia)

  • Nirmala Pandeya

    (Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
    Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia)

  • David C. Whiteman

    (Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
    Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia)

Abstract

Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand have the highest incidence of melanoma and KC in the world. We undertook a cost-of-illness analysis using Markov decision–analytic models separately for melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancer (KC) for each country. Using clinical pathways, the probabilities and unit costs of each health service and medicine for skin cancer management were applied. We estimated mean costs and 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UI) using Monte Carlo simulation. In Australia, the mean first-year costs of melanoma per patient ranged from AU$644 (95%UI: $642, $647) for melanoma in situ to AU$100,725 (95%UI: $84,288, $119,070) for unresectable stage III/IV disease. Australian-wide direct costs to the Government for newly diagnosed patients with melanoma were AU$397.9 m and AU$426.2 m for KCs, a total of AU$824.0 m. The mean costs per patient for melanoma ranged from NZ$1450 (95%UI: $1445, $1456) for melanoma in situ to NZ$77,828 (95%UI $62,525, $94,718) for unresectable stage III/IV disease. The estimated total cost to New Zealand in 2021 for new patients with melanoma was NZ$51.2 m, and for KCs, was NZ$129.4 m, with a total combined cost of NZ$180.5 m. These up-to-date national healthcare costs of melanoma and KC in Australia and New Zealand accentuate the savings potential of successful prevention strategies for skin cancer.

Suggested Citation

  • Louisa G. Gordon & William Leung & Richard Johns & Bronwen McNoe & Daniel Lindsay & Katharina M. D. Merollini & Thomas M. Elliott & Rachel E. Neale & Catherine M. Olsen & Nirmala Pandeya & David C. Wh, 2022. "Estimated Healthcare Costs of Melanoma and Keratinocyte Skin Cancers in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand in 2021," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-14, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3178-:d:766555
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Don Husereau & Michael Drummond & Stavros Petrou & Chris Carswell & David Moher & Dan Greenberg & Federico Augustovski & Andrew Briggs & Josephine Mauskopf & Elizabeth Loder, 2013. "Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 14(3), pages 367-372, June.
    2. Rachael Fleurence & Christopher Hollenbeak, 2007. "Rates and Probabilities in Economic Modelling," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 3-6, January.
    3. Nicole Bates & Emily Callander & Daniel Lindsay & Kerrianne Watt, 2018. "CancerCostMod: a model of the healthcare expenditure, patient resource use, and patient co-payment costs for Australian cancer patients," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Thomas M. Elliott & David C. Whiteman & Catherine M. Olsen & Louisa G. Gordon, 2017. "Estimated Healthcare Costs of Melanoma in Australia Over 3 Years Post-Diagnosis," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 15(6), pages 805-816, December.
    5. Katharina M. D. Merollini & Louisa G. Gordon & Joanne F. Aitken & Michael G. Kimlin, 2020. "Lifetime Costs of Surviving Cancer—A Queensland Study (COS-Q): Protocol of a Large Healthcare Data Linkage Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-16, April.
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