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IgM and IgG Profiles Reveal Peculiar Features of Humoral Immunity Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author

Listed:
  • Antonella De Donno

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Giambattista Lobreglio

    (Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Alessandra Panico

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Tiziana Grassi

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Francesco Bagordo

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Maria Pia Bozzetti

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Serafina Massari

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Luisa Siculella

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Fabrizio Damiano

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Francesco Guerra

    (Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Marilena Greco

    (Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Michele Chicone

    (Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Roberta Lazzari

    (Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, Vito Fazzi General Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Pietro Alifano

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

Abstract

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is globally a major healthcare threat. There is little information regarding the mechanisms and roles of the humoral response in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the antibody levels (IgM and IgG) by chemiluminescence immunoassay in 54 subjects positive to SARS-CoV-2 swab test in relation to their clinical status (whether asymptomatic, pauci-symptomatic or with mild, sever or critical symptoms), the time from the symptom onset, sex, age, and comorbidities. Overall, the presence of comorbidities and the age of subjects were associated with their clinical status. The IgG concentrations were significantly higher in patients who developed critical and severe symptoms and seemed to be independent from age, sex and comorbidities. IgG titers peaked around day 60, and then began gradually to drop, decreasing by approximately 50% on the 180th day, while the IgM titers progressively decreased as early as the tenth day, but they could be detected even at later time points. Despite the small number of individuals, some peculiar characteristics of the humoral response in COVID-19 emerged. We observed a high inter-individual variability, an ephemeral IgG half-life in several patients, and a persistence of IgM in others.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonella De Donno & Giambattista Lobreglio & Alessandra Panico & Tiziana Grassi & Francesco Bagordo & Maria Pia Bozzetti & Serafina Massari & Luisa Siculella & Fabrizio Damiano & Francesco Guerra & M, 2021. "IgM and IgG Profiles Reveal Peculiar Features of Humoral Immunity Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1318-:d:491303
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    1. Roman Wölfel & Victor M. Corman & Wolfgang Guggemos & Michael Seilmaier & Sabine Zange & Marcel A. Müller & Daniela Niemeyer & Terry C. Jones & Patrick Vollmar & Camilla Rothe & Michael Hoelscher & To, 2020. "Author Correction: Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019," Nature, Nature, vol. 588(7839), pages 35-35, December.
    2. Roman Wölfel & Victor M. Corman & Wolfgang Guggemos & Michael Seilmaier & Sabine Zange & Marcel A. Müller & Daniela Niemeyer & Terry C. Jones & Patrick Vollmar & Camilla Rothe & Michael Hoelscher & To, 2020. "Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019," Nature, Nature, vol. 581(7809), pages 465-469, May.
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    1. Lionel Larribère & Jelizaveta Gordejeva & Lisa Kuhnhenn & Maximilian Kurscheidt & Monika Pobiruchin & Dilyana Vladimirova & Maria Martin & Markus Roser & Wendelin Schramm & Uwe M. Martens & Tatjana Ei, 2021. "Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Healthcare Workers of a German COVID-19 Treatment Center," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-11, July.

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