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Burnout in French General Practitioners: A Nationwide Prospective Study

Author

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  • Frédéric Dutheil

    (CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
    Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
    WittyFit, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • Lenise M. Parreira

    (Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • Julia Eismann

    (Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Practitioner, University Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • François-Xavier Lesage

    (Laboratory Epsylon, Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
    Occupational and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France)

  • David Balayssac

    (INSERM U1107 NEURO-DOL, University Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
    Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • Céline Lambert

    (Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • Maëlys Clinchamps

    (CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
    Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • Denis Pezet

    (INSERM U1071, M2iSH, University Clermont Auvergne, USC-INRA 2018, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
    Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • Bruno Pereira

    (Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France)

  • Bertrand Le Roy

    (Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France)

Abstract

Background: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of burnout among French general practitioners in private practice and to study the risk and protective factors of burnout. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted with French GPs working in a private practice in France who were asked to fulfil an internet questionnaire. We used the secure internet application REDCap ® . Exclusion criteria were only working in a hospital, substitute doctors, and internship students. There was a putative sample size of 88,886 GPs. We retrieved the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), occupational characteristics (type of installation, emergency regulated shifts, night shifts, university supervisor, weekly hours worked, seniority), and personal characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, and number of children. Results: We included 1926 GPs among the 2602 retrieved questionnaires. A total of 44.8% of French liberal GPs were experiencing burnout, with 4.8% (95%CI 3.9–5.9%) experiencing severe burnout. The risk factors of severe burnout were male gender (RR = 1.91, 95%CI 1.15–3.16), working in a suburban area (5.23, 2.18–12.58), and having more than 28 appointments per day (1.95, 1.19–3.19). Working more than 50 h weekly showed a tendency to increase the risk of severe burnout (1.55, 0.93–2.59, p = 0.095), with a significant increase in the risk of low and moderate burnout (1.31, 1.02–1.67 and 1.86, 1.34–2.57, respectively). Protective factors were mainly resident training, which decreased the risk of both low, moderate, and severe burnout (0.65, 0.51–0.83; 0.66, 0.48–0.92; and 0.42, 95%CI 0.23–0.76, respectively). Performing home visits decreased the risk of severe burnout (0.25, 0.13–0.47), as did group practice for intermediate level of burnout (0.71, 0.51–0.96). Conclusion: GPs are at a high risk of burnout, with nearly half of them in burnout, with burnout predominantly affecting males and those between the ages of 50 and 60 years old. The main risk factors were a high workload with more than 28 appointments per day or 50 h of work per week, and the main protective factors were related to social cohesion such having a teaching role and working in a group practice with back-office support.

Suggested Citation

  • Frédéric Dutheil & Lenise M. Parreira & Julia Eismann & François-Xavier Lesage & David Balayssac & Céline Lambert & Maëlys Clinchamps & Denis Pezet & Bruno Pereira & Bertrand Le Roy, 2021. "Burnout in French General Practitioners: A Nationwide Prospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-16, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:12044-:d:680643
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammad Amiri & Ahmad Khosravi & Ahmad Reza Eghtesadi & Zakieh Sadeghi & Ghasem Abedi & Mansour Ranjbar & Fardin Mehrabian, 2016. "Burnout and its Influencing Factors among Primary Health Care Providers in the North East of Iran," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Oliver Hirsch & Charles Christian Adarkwah, 2018. "The Issue of Burnout and Work Satisfaction in Younger GPs—A Cluster Analysis Utilizing the HaMEdSi Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-10, October.
    3. Frédéric Dutheil & Claire Aubert & Bruno Pereira & Michael Dambrun & Fares Moustafa & Martial Mermillod & Julien S Baker & Marion Trousselard & François-Xavier Lesage & Valentin Navel, 2019. "Suicide among physicians and health-care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-28, December.
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