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Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Adults ≥60 Years Old during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Gianluca Ciuffreda

    (Faculty of Health Sciencies, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
    Élite Fisioterapia, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Sara Cabanillas-Barea

    (Élite Fisioterapia, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Andoni Carrasco-Uribarren

    (Élite Fisioterapia, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain)

  • María Isabel Albarova-Corral

    (Faculty of Health Sciencies, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • María Irache Argüello-Espinosa

    (Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

  • Yolanda Marcén-Román

    (Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Research of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

Abstract

COVID-19 represents a threat to public health and the mental health of the aged population. Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety have been reported in previous reviews in other populations; however, a systematic review on the factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults is not currently present in the literature. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest Psychology Database, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases (23 February 2021). The results were obtained by entering a combination of MeSH or Emtree terms with keywords related to COVID-19, elderly, depression and anxiety in the databases. A total of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Female gender, loneliness, poor sleep quality and poor motor function were identified as factors associated with both depression and anxiety. Aspects related to having a stable and high monthly income represent protective factors for both depression and anxiety, and exercising was described as protective for depression. This study synthesised information and analysed the main factors associated with depression and anxiety in the older population during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the cross-sectional design of most of the included studies does not allow a causal relationship between the factors analysed and depression or anxiety.

Suggested Citation

  • Gianluca Ciuffreda & Sara Cabanillas-Barea & Andoni Carrasco-Uribarren & María Isabel Albarova-Corral & María Irache Argüello-Espinosa & Yolanda Marcén-Román, 2021. "Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Adults ≥60 Years Old during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:11859-:d:677397
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rachel M. Gisselquist & Andrea Vaccaro, 2021. "COVID-19 and the state," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2021-80, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Ewa Zasadzka & Anna Pieczyńska & Tomasz Trzmiel & Paweł Kleka & Mariola Pawlaczyk, 2021. "Correlation between Handgrip Strength and Depression in Older Adults—A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Alexander Maier & Steffi G Riedel-Heller & Alexander Pabst & Melanie Luppa, 2021. "Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-38, May.
    4. Yeli Wang & Monica Palanichamy Kala & Tazeen H Jafar, 2020. "Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(12), pages 1-27, December.
    5. Yolanda Marcén-Román & Angel Gasch-Gallen & Irene Isabel Vela Martín de la Mota & Estela Calatayud & Isabel Gómez-Soria & Beatriz Rodríguez-Roca, 2021. "Stress Perceived by University Health Sciences Students, 1 Year after COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-10, May.
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