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The Well-Being of the German Adult Population Measured with the WHO-5 over Different Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis within the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO)

Author

Listed:
  • Fang-Yi Tsai

    (Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany)

  • Hannah Schillok

    (Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany)

  • Michaela Coenen

    (Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany)

  • Christina Merkel

    (Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA), Maar-Weg 149-161, 50825 Cologne, Germany)

  • Caroline Jung-Sievers

    (Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
    Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany)

  • on behalf of the COSMO Study Group

    (Complete list of study group members appears in the Acknowledgments.)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate factors associated with the subjective well-being (SWB) and suspected depression measured with WHO-5 among German adults during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data were analyzed from the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study, which collected data from 972, 1013, and 973 participants in time point 1 (19–20 May 2020), time point 2 (15–16 September 2020), and time point 3 (21–22 December 2020), respectively. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression analyses to identify the factors associated with suspected depression (WHO-5 ≤ 50) were conducted. Data showed that the mean WHO-5 scores in three time points were 56.17, 57.27, and 53.93, respectively. The risk of suspected depression was increased by about 1.5 times for females, 2.5–3 times among 18–24 year-olds compared to ages above 65 years, 1.5 times for singles, 2 times for those with chronic illnesses, and 2–3 times for people living in poverty. The main study findings show that German adult SWB is lower than pre-pandemic reference values. Special focus should be placed on vulnerable groups, such as females, younger persons, and people living in poverty who are most prone to a reduction in SWB and therefore suspected depression.

Suggested Citation

  • Fang-Yi Tsai & Hannah Schillok & Michaela Coenen & Christina Merkel & Caroline Jung-Sievers & on behalf of the COSMO Study Group, 2022. "The Well-Being of the German Adult Population Measured with the WHO-5 over Different Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis within the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-27, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:6:p:3236-:d:767577
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Julia Hansen & Artur Galimov & Jennifer B. Unger & Steve Y. Sussman & Reiner Hanewinkel, 2023. "Mental Health and Physical Complaints of German Children and Adolescents before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Karla Romero Starke & Janice Hegewald & Stefanie Schmauder & Pauline Kaboth & Lena Marie Uhlmann & David Reissig & Kristin Klaudia Kaufmann & Jürgen Wegge & Gesine Marquardt & Andreas Seidler, 2022. "Health and Care Dependency of Older Adults in Dresden, Germany: Results from the LAB60+ Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-18, September.

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