IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i1p276-d473603.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of ABO Blood Grouping on COVID-19 Vulnerability and Seriousness: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Controlled Study among the Arab Community

Author

Listed:
  • Nagla A. El-Shitany

    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt)

  • Manal El-Hamamsy

    (Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt)

  • Ahlam A. Alahmadi

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Basma G. Eid

    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Thikryat Neamatallah

    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Haifa S. Almukadi

    (Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Rana A. Arab

    (Medicine Program, Ibn Sina National Faculty for Medical Studies, Jeddah 22421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khadija A. Faddladdeen

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khayria A. Al-Sulami

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts in Al-Makhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65511, Saudi Arabia)

  • Safia M. Bahshwan

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65511, Saudi Arabia)

  • Soad S. Ali

    (Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt)

  • Steve Harakeh

    (Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin

    (Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt)

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Studies have noted that some ABO blood types are more susceptible to COVID-19 virus infection. This study aimed to further confirm the relationship between different blood groups on the vulnerability, symptoms, cure period, and severity among COVID-19 recovered patients. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study approached the participants from the Arab community via social media (mainly Facebook and WhatsApp). The data were collected through two Google Form questionnaires, one for COVID-19 recovered patients (COVID-19 group, n = 726), and the other for the healthy people (Control group, n = 707). Results: The subjects with blood group O were the least likely to be infected with the COVID-19 virus, while those with blood group A were not likely to be the most susceptible. There were significant differences among different ABO blood groups regarding the distribution of oxygen saturation percentage, myalgia, and recovery time after COVID-19 infection ( p < 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). The blood group A showed the highest percentage of patients who experienced an oxygen saturation range of 90–100%, whereas the blood group O showed the highest percentage of patients who experienced an oxygen saturation range of 70–80%. The blood group A showed the lowest percentage of patients who required artificial respiration, whereas the blood group O showed the highest percentage of patients who required artificial respiration. The blood group B showed the lowest percentage of patients who experienced myalgia and exhibited the lowest percentage of patients who needed 3 weeks or more to recover. Conclusion: The people of blood group O may be the least likely to be infected with COVID-19, however, they may be the more in need of treatment in hospital and artificial respiration compared to the other blood groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Nagla A. El-Shitany & Manal El-Hamamsy & Ahlam A. Alahmadi & Basma G. Eid & Thikryat Neamatallah & Haifa S. Almukadi & Rana A. Arab & Khadija A. Faddladdeen & Khayria A. Al-Sulami & Safia M. Bahshwan , 2021. "The Impact of ABO Blood Grouping on COVID-19 Vulnerability and Seriousness: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Controlled Study among the Arab Community," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:1:p:276-:d:473603
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/276/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/276/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael Zietz & Jason Zucker & Nicholas P. Tatonetti, 2020. "Associations between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-6, December.
    2. Wenhui Li & Michael J. Moore & Natalya Vasilieva & Jianhua Sui & Swee Kee Wong & Michael A. Berne & Mohan Somasundaran & John L. Sullivan & Katherine Luzuriaga & Thomas C. Greenough & Hyeryun Choe & M, 2003. "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus," Nature, Nature, vol. 426(6965), pages 450-454, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Behrooz Darbani, 2020. "The Expression and Polymorphism of Entry Machinery for COVID-19 in Human: Juxtaposing Population Groups, Gender, and Different Tissues," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-8, May.
    2. Shanlin Ke & Scott T. Weiss & Yang-Yu Liu, 2022. "Dissecting the role of the human microbiome in COVID-19 via metagenome-assembled genomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Indrikis A. Krams & Priit Jõers & Severi Luoto & Giedrius Trakimas & Vilnis Lietuvietis & Ronalds Krams & Irena Kaminska & Markus J. Rantala & Tatjana Krama, 2021. "The Obesity Paradox Predicts the Second Wave of COVID-19 to Be Severe in Western Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-10, January.
    4. Gonnet, Gaston H. & Stewart, John & Lafleur, Joseph & Keith, Stephen & McLellan, Mark & Jiang-Gorsline, David & Snider, Tim, 2021. "Analysis of feature influence on Covid-19 Death Rate Per Country Using a Novel Orthogonalization Technique," MetaArXiv 4kw2n, Center for Open Science.
    5. Ravindra B. Malabadi & Neelambika T. Meti & Raju K. Chalannavar, 2021. "Role of herbal medicine for controlling coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19)," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 8(2), pages 135-165, February.
    6. Milad Haghani & Pegah Varamini, 2021. "Temporal evolution, most influential studies and sleeping beauties of the coronavirus literature," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 126(8), pages 7005-7050, August.
    7. Diego Fernández-Lázaro & Jerónimo J. González-Bernal & Nerea Sánchez-Serrano & Lourdes Jiménez Navascués & Ana Ascaso-del-Río & Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, 2020. "Physical Exercise as a Multimodal Tool for COVID-19: Could It Be Used as a Preventive Strategy?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-13, November.
    8. Weiwei Ji & Qi Peng & Xueqiong Fang & Zehou Li & Yaxin Li & Cunfa Xu & Shuqing Zhao & Jizong Li & Rong Chen & Guoxiang Mo & Zhanyong Wei & Ying Xu & Bin Li & Shuijun Zhang, 2022. "Structures of a deltacoronavirus spike protein bound to porcine and human receptors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    9. Shubhadeep Roychoudhury & Anandan Das & Pallav Sengupta & Sulagna Dutta & Shatabhisha Roychoudhury & Arun Paul Choudhury & A. B. Fuzayel Ahmed & Saumendra Bhattacharjee & Petr Slama, 2020. "Viral Pandemics of the Last Four Decades: Pathophysiology, Health Impacts and Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-39, December.
    10. Marysia Wrona & Damian Skrypnik, 2022. "New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Dyslipidaemia as Sequelae of COVID-19 Infection—Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-10, October.
    11. Fabian Zech & Daniel Schniertshauer & Christoph Jung & Alexandra Herrmann & Arne Cordsmeier & Qinya Xie & Rayhane Nchioua & Caterina Prelli Bozzo & Meta Volcic & Lennart Koepke & Janis A. Müller & Jan, 2021. "Spike residue 403 affects binding of coronavirus spikes to human ACE2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    12. Ma’ayan Israeli & Yaara Finkel & Yfat Yahalom-Ronen & Nir Paran & Theodor Chitlaru & Ofir Israeli & Inbar Cohen-Gihon & Moshe Aftalion & Reut Falach & Shahar Rotem & Uri Elia & Ital Nemet & Limor Klik, 2022. "Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify GATA6 as a proviral host factor for SARS-CoV-2 via modulation of ACE2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    13. Salvador Domènech-Montoliu & Joan Puig-Barberà & Maria Rosario Pac-Sa & Paula Vidal-Utrillas & Marta Latorre-Poveda & Alba Del Rio-González & Sara Ferrando-Rubert & Gema Ferrer-Abad & Manuel Sánchez-U, 2021. "ABO Blood Groups and the Incidence of Complications in COVID-19 Patients: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-13, September.
    14. Willem Boterman, 2023. "Population density and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Comparing the geography of different waves in the Netherlands," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(8), pages 1377-1402, June.
    15. Charulata Jindal & Sandeep Kumar & Sunil Sharma & Yuk Ming Choi & Jimmy T. Efird, 2020. "The Prevention and Management of COVID-19: Seeking a Practical and Timely Solution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-11, June.
    16. Tomasz Gęca & Kamila Wojtowicz & Paweł Guzik & Tomasz Góra, 2022. "Increased Risk of COVID-19 in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus—Current Challenges in Pathophysiology, Treatment and Prevention," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-17, May.
    17. Shouheng Jin & Xing He & Ling Ma & Zhen Zhuang & Yiliang Wang & Meng Lin & Sihui Cai & Lu Wei & Zheyu Wang & Zhiyao Zhao & Yaoxing Wu & Lin Sun & Chunwei Li & Weihong Xie & Yong Zhao & Zhou Songyang &, 2022. "Suppression of ACE2 SUMOylation protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection through TOLLIP-mediated selective autophagy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    18. Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda & José Francisco Muñoz-Valle & Patricia Yokogawa-Teraoka & Andrea Carolina Machado-Sulbarán & María Guadalupe Loza-Rojas & Atziri Citlally García-Arredondo & Rafael Tejeda-Consta, 2021. "COVID-19 Screening by Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seropositivity: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Food Intake Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, August.
    19. Mohamed A. Farrag & Haitham M. Amer & Rauf Bhat & Maaweya E. Hamed & Ibrahim M. Aziz & Ayman Mubarak & Turki M Dawoud & Sami G Almalki & Fayez Alghofaili & Ahmad K. Alnemare & Raid Saleem Al-Baradi & , 2021. "SARS-CoV-2: An Overview of Virus Genetics, Transmission, and Immunopathogenesis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-14, June.
    20. Qizhou Lian & Kui Zhang & Zhao Zhang & Fuyu Duan & Liyan Guo & Weiren Luo & Bobo Wing-Yee Mok & Abhimanyu Thakur & Xiaoshan Ke & Pedram Motallebnejad & Vlad Nicolaescu & Jonathan Chen & Chui Yan Ma & , 2022. "Differential effects of macrophage subtypes on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human pluripotent stem cell-derived model," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:1:p:276-:d:473603. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.